JOURNAL OF O LYMPIC HISTORY HISTORY LYMPIC VOLUME 29 | NUMBER 1 2021 VOLUME 29 | NUMBER NUMBER THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF OLYMPIC HISTORIANS 1 | 2021 INSP I RED BY CHERRY B LOSSOMS: THE COUN T DOWN HAS ST AR T ED Inspired by Cherry Blossoms: The Countdown has Started + Tokyo 2020 Should Become a Manifestation of Human Resilience + “Knight of the Pedals” and the “Master Driver” on the Road + Impact of the Mass Media on the Image of Olympic Cities + Queen of Gymnastics Ágnes Keleti: A True Olympian + “A Possibility of a Lady Competitor”: Helen Preece and Modern Pentathlon C ONTENTS 1 Welcome to the Issue 38 “A Possibility of a Lady Competitor”: Helen Preece and the 1912 Olympic Modern 2 Olympic History in Popular Culture Pentathlon | by Christian Wacker | by Tom Lough, Kevin Witherspoon, and Kyser Lough 3 Tokyo 2020 Should Become a Manifestation of Human Resilience 48 72 Years of Olympic Memoirs | by Stan Greenberg 8 The “Knight of the Pedals” and the “Master Driver” on the Road 52 Rise of the Reich in Mandate Palestine: | by Volker Kluge The NSDAP, Jerusalem YMCA, and “Participation” of Attallah Kidess 18 The Impact of the Mass Media on the Image in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games (Part 3) of Olympic Cities (Part 2) | by San Charles Haddad | by Richard W. Pound 65 Biographies of All IOC Members, Part XXXV 28 The Queen of Gymnastics | by Marcia De Franceschi Neto-Wacker Ágnes Keleti: A True Olympian and Volker Kluge | by Dezso˝ Dobor 70 Obituaries 35 Walther Tröger Honoured with the 2020 ISOH Lifetime Award 76 Book Reviews | by Volker Kluge Macmillan, 2016, Female Olympian and Would Be King; Specific Olympic Research Interests: Member Information Paralympian Events: Analyses, Backgrounds, and Distance runners of the past, diversity and protest Timelines. New York: Palgrave Pilot, 2018; Specific issues. NEW MEMBERS Olympic Research Interests: Gender, language, and history, Berlin 1936. WIGO Bruce Mr. *1949 26 November; E-mail: [email protected]; Address: 1935 Marietta CHAPPELET Jean-Loup Mr. *1953 08 July; E-mail: GENTY Clement Mr. *1988 25 November; E-mail: Dr., Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33316, UNITED STATES; [email protected]; Address: 27 [email protected]; Address: Arts et Metiers - Chemin des Creuses, Prilly, VD 1008, SWITZERLAND; Laval Virtual Center, Rue Marie Curie, Change 53810, Tel: +9545591622; Occupation: historian and Tel: +41 79 220 02 38; Occupation: professor; FRANCE; Occupation: associate researcher; Specific CEO of the International Swimming Hall of Fame Olympic/Sports Publications: several books and Olympic Research Interests: French participation at (retired); Olympic/Sports Publications: multiple On the cover: On 6 April 1896, the Olympic premiere took place at the Editorial deadline for this issue: many articles; Specific Olympic Research Interests: the Olympic Games. articles published in Swimming World Magazine, IOC, Olympic Games governance. International Swimming Hall of Fame Yearbooks, Panathenaic Stadium in Athens. 125 years later, it was Japan’s national 31 March 2021 KAJ Maria Ms. *1961 14 July; E-mail: mariakajcv@ curated images, memorabilia and content for CONSTANDT Bram Mr. *1991 6 June; E-mail: gmail.com; Address: 3729 Boulder Canyon Drive, Internationally recognised Olympic exhibits in women’s soccer team, nicknamed Nadeshiko Japan, that opened the [email protected]; Address: Henri Castro Valley, Cal. 94552, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; Jasparlaan 4, Westende 8434, BELGIUM; Manchester, England (2008 FINA Short Course 2020 Tokyo Torch Relay. The optimism radiating from their faces gives Tel: +1 5102092084; Occupation: writer/instructor; Occupation: postdoctoral researcher; Olympic/ Olympic/Sports Publications: Outside the Rio World Championships), Shanghai China (FINA 2011 hope that this Olympic celebration will not go down in history as the Sports Publications: My recent publications on the Spotlight: American Triumphs You Didn‘t See at World Championships) Milton Keynes, England) Olympics include hosting the Olympics in times of the 2016 Olympics (2018, self-published), The A to Z 2012 Olympic Games; Specific Olympic Research “Pandemic Games”. Photo: picture-alliance a pandemic; historical insights from Antwerp 1920 Olympics: 26 Torch-Worthy Tales & Tidbits (pending Interests: Olympic history, specifically aquatic (in leisure sciences); Specific Olympic Research publication, 2020). Currently working on a book sports. Interests: 1920 Olympics and Belgian Olympic on women‘s Olympic history, to be published by history. MacFarland, date: tbd.; Specific Olympic Research YAMAZAKI Eiji Mr. *1955 16 July; E-mail: Interests: Women‘s history, American athletic [email protected]; Address: 1-7-1 DIMITRIADIS Dimitrios Mr. *1987 14 April; E-mail: history, history of the lesser-known sports. Higashi-Shimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7201, [email protected]; Address: JAPAN; Tel: 819098017877; Occupation: sports Antigonis Street 2, Athens, Chalandri 15232, KOPP Marc Mr. *1972 26 September; E-mail: writer. JOURNAL OF OLYMPIC HISTORY GREECE; Tel: +30 2130295078; Occupation: physical [email protected]; Address: Kelternstraße 8, education teacher. Tübingen 72070, GERMANY; Tel: +49 070716895123; Occupation: expert in data protection law; Specific OLD MEMBERS DUDMAN Paul Mr. *1973 11 September; E-mail: Olympic Research Interests: Heavy athletics, Editor Editorial office and address The Journal of Olympic History is published three [email protected]; Address: 27A Holland wrestling, weightlifting, Olympic winner medals VRUBLEVSKIS Aldons Mr. new e-mail: aldons. Volker Kluge (GER) for article submissions times per year. All rights reserved. No part of the Road, Westcliff on Sea, Essex SS0 7SG, UNITED and diplomas. [email protected]. KINGDOM; Tel: +44 (0) 7795682279; Occupation: publi cations may be reproduced or transmitted archivist; Specific Olympic Research Interests: MÜLLER Loïck Mr. *1991 20 August; E-mail: loick. Associate Editors International Society of LÉGARÉ Brigitte Mrs. new address: CZ MME in any form by any means, electronic or Archivist for the British Olympic Association at [email protected]; Address: Talweg 63, Riehen, 4125, TOMASINO, 37 rue Truffaut, 75017 Paris, FRANCE. Philip Barker (GBR) Olympic Historians mechanical, i ncluding any information storage the University of East London; history of refugee SWITZERLAND; Occupation: master degree student Kitty Carruthers (GBR) c/o creAtiv Werbeagentur athletes in the Olympic Games and the role of oral in sports sciences; Specific Olympic Research EDGAR Anthony Mr. New e-mail: anthonyedgar@ or r etrieval system now known or to be invented, history in documenting Olympic voices. Interests: ISOH from a historical nature; role of the Elizabeth Hanley (USA) Gabriele Kluge mac.com; new address: 25/33 Kimberley Street, without the prior permission of the President or Olympics in global sports culture. Vaucluse, NSW, 2030 Sydney, AUSTRALIA; Tel: +61 432 Stephen L. Harris (USA) Torstr. 9 B II FULLER Linda K. Ms. *1942 14 May; E-mail: LFuller@ Secretary-General of the I nternational Society worcester.edu; Address: 40 Hotchkiss Lane, WALL Anthony Mr. *1955 30 September; 57 8883; WhatsApp: +61 432 57 8883. D-10119 Berlin of Olympic Historians. Published articles remain Madison, Connecticut, 06443, UNITED STATES OF E-mail: [email protected]; Address: 760 Copy Editor DECEASED Germany in the responsibility of the author and do not AMERICA; Tel: +1 4133882941; Occupation: professor Arcady Road, Santa Barbara, California 93108, Alisa Kotmair (USA) Phone: +49-30-44359060 of communications; Olympic/Sports Publications: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; Tel +1 805 570-0237; necessarily reflect the official opinion of the ISOH. Female Olympians: A Mediated Socio-Cultural/ Occupation: retired attorney; Olympic/Sports MILSHTEIN Oleg Mr. Russian member since 1998, +49-33433-15892 Political-Economic Timeline. New York: Palgrave Publications: Avery Brundage: The Man Who died on January 7, 2021. Management Pictures without reference were provided by the E-mail: [email protected] Gabriele Kluge (GER) respective a uthor. In some cases, it has not been possible to identify www.isoh.org Graphic Design / DTP the copyright holder of the photograph. Justified Sirko Wahsner (GER) ISSN 1085-5165 claims will be honoured. Welcome to the Issue Volker Kluge EDITOR Along with the start of the cherry blossom front, which women’s sport to be impractical, uninteresting, and brings the Japanese islands to bloom from the southwest even indecent. His ideal remained the ceremonious to the northeast, the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Torch Relay performance of male athletics “with the applause began on 25 March with a year’s delay. of women as a reward”. It was a 17-year-old English There is no going back now! The 121-day countdown, woman named Helen Preece who refused to accept this for which extensive hygiene measures have been taken barrier. She registered in 1912 for the Modern Pentathlon, in the host country, undoubtedly poses an enormous which was first held in Stockholm. One suspects that her challenge until proof can finally be provided – on 23 application was rejected at this juncture, if not before, July, in the National Stadium in Tokyo – that the Olympic but it nevertheless earned her a place of fame in the Games are able to be celebrated even under the history of women’s sports. Her biography is told for the conditions of a global pandemic. first time in this issue, using previously unpublished As far as Olympic history is concerned,