11. THE REsults of thE raW matErial, TEchnological AND TYpological analYSES of thE chippED stonE industrY IN Moravia and LOWER Austria 11.1. List of sites studied Lower Austria No. of chipped Municipality Site Position Region Type of site Dating (after Tichý) artefacts Chapter (>12 mm) Asparn an der Zaya-Schletz Asparn-Schletz Weinviertel settlement LBK phase II+III 407 11.2. Brunn am Gebirge Brunn I Wolfholz Wienerwald settlement LBK phase I/II 105 11.3.3.3. Brunn IIa Wolfholz settlement LBK phase Ia 2554 11.3.3.2. Brunn IIb Wolfholz settlement LBK phase Ia 2575 11.3.3.2. settlement Brunn II Wolfholz burial LBK phase I 11 11.3.3.4. Brunn IV Wolfholz settlement LBK phase I 31 11.3.3.2. Kleinhadersdorf Marchleiten Weinviertel cemetery LBK phase I/II+II 24 11.4. Mold Mold I Waldviertel settlement LBK phase I/II 78 11.5. Rosenburg Rosenburg I Waldviertel settlement LBK phase Ib 55 11.6. Moravia No. of chipped Municipality Site Position Region Type of site Dating (after Tichý) artefacts Chapter (>12 mm) Brno-Ivanovice Globus South Moravia settlement LBK phase Ia 50 11.7. Brno-Nový Lískovec Pod Kamenným vrchem South Moravia settlement LBK phase I/II 98 11.8. Kladníky Záhumenky North Moravia settlement LBK phase Ia 125 11.9. Záhoří do klínů Kuřim and U kopečku South Moravia settlement LBK phase II+III 2418 11.10. Nové Bránice V končinách South Moravia settlement ? LBK phase II ? 498 11.11. Přáslavice-Kocourovec Na širokém North Moravia settlement LBK phase II 280 11.12. Těšetice-Kyjovice Sutny South Moravia settlement LBK phase II 83 11.13. Vedrovice-Zábrdovice Za dvorem South Moravia settlement LBK phase Ia 255 11.14.3.2. Široká u lesa settlement LBK phase I/II+II 3633 11.14.3.3. Široká u lesa cemetery LBK phase I/II+II 67 11.14.3.4. Žopy Žopy I Cihelna South Moravia settlement LBK phase Ia 76 11.15.3.2. Žopy II Cihelna settlement LBK phase II 18 11.15.3.3. [181] Talking Stones: The Chipped Stone Industry in Lower Austria and Moravia and the Beginnings of the Neolithic in Central Europe 11.2. Asparn an der Zaya – Schletz (Mistelbach district, 68.2 % confidence Weinviertel, Lower Austria) cal BC 300 – 260 (10.8 %) cal BC 230 – 190 (11.9 %) 11.2.1. Background information cal BC 180 – 060 (4. %) 9.4 % confidence Geographic and geomorphological characteristics cal BC 320 – 010 (9.4 %) The site lies at the cadastral dividing line of Asparn an der Zaya, position “Am Wald“ and Schletz, position “Kirch- feld“ in the central part of Weinviertel, which covers the Relative chronology (after Tichý) north-eastern part of Austria. The site lies on a hillside gen- Trapezoidal ditched enclosure – transitional phase I/II of tly sloping south and east, with an elevation of 22–260 m the LBK above sea level. The subsoil consists of a weathered loess Longhouses and other features – above all LBK phase II to cover (Windl 1996). III, before the construction of the oval ditched enclosure Oval ditched enclosure– LBK phase III Research history Well – LBK phase III Aerial prospection uncovered two ditches – one with an oval ground plan and the other with a trapezoidal one. In Phase II is probably much more abundant than assumed so 1983, systematic archaeological research began under the far, as documented by the uniform sickle blades as well as direction of H. Windl (Niederösterreichisches Landesmu- the imported pottery of the classical Keszthely phase. seum für Urgeschichte, Asparn an der Zaya) and was con- cluded in 200. A trapezoidal ditched enclosure about 400 m long, with a 4 m wide and 2 m deep ditch was discov- 11.2.3. Chipped stone industry ered. In its western and southern parts, the line of the ditch is cut by the oval ditched enclosure. The latter consists of 428 pieces of chipped stone were found at the site. 42 two parallel ditches about 4 m wide and 2 m deep, with chipped stone artefacts pertain to the late phase (phase II/ an average length of about 330 m. Within the oval ditches, III and phase III). For the sake of comparison with other scattered human skeletons were found, bearing traces of assemblages, a total of 407 pieces larger than 12 mm was fatal injuries, mainly on their heads. The anthropological chosen for additional study (tables 12–14). Among the 18 remains comprised both male and female individuals of pieces which are ≤ 12 mm, there are also three tools that various ages with the exception of young women, who are I analysed along with the other implements. In all, a total almost absent. This is usually interpreted as a violent attack of three artefacts were found in the settlement features dat- on the village at the end of the LBK. In southern and inner ing to the Early LBK. I studied these three pieces separately parts of the enclosure, the ground plans of about nine post- and only partially, from the point of view of raw materials built longhouses were discovered. Two complete ground (Krakow Jurassic silicite, KL I chert, unidentified). plans are approximately 20 m long and 6 m wide. The set- tlement with the houses mentioned above can be assigned Blank groups Total % Blanks Tools Tools ≤ 12 mm Pre-cores and cores 40 9.6 31 9 - stratigraphically neither to the trapezoidal nor to the oval Flakes and waste 189 46.5 152 37 - enclosure. In 1993, a timber-lined well of a square ground Blades and blade fragments 178 43.9 106 72 3 plan of 120 x 120 cm was uncovered within the oval enclo- Total 407 100 289 118 3 sure (Windl 1996, 10–29; 2002; Lenneis, Stadler & Windl 1996, 99–101; Teschler-Nicola et al. 1996). Table 12. Asparn-Schletz, the end of phase II and phase III of the LBK. Chipped stone artefacts divided into basic blank groups. Asparn - Schletz 11.2.2. Dating the site 8% 29% Absolute chronology Laboratory ETH in Zürich – a total of two dates from the 37% well (Lenneis, Stadler & Windl 1996, 104, 108) 26% ETH-13289 Pre-cores and cores Flakes and waste Dating BP: 617 + 6 Blades and blade fragments Tools 68.2 % confidence cal BC 220 – 040 (68.2 %) Basic morphological groups Total % 9.4 % confidence Pre-cores and cores 31 7.6 Flakes and waste 152 37.3 cal BC 300 – 4960 (9.4 %) Blades and blade fragments 106 26 Tools 118 29 Total 407 99.9 ETH-13290 Dating BP: 621 + 60 Table 13. Asparn-Schletz, the end of phase II and phase III of the LBK. Proportion of chipped stone artefacts by basic morphological groups. [182] The results of the raw material, technological and typological analyses of the chipped stone industry in Moravia and Lower Austria Blank groups No. of pieces Weight (g) Avg (g) Artefacts > Artefacts Raw material % Distance Pre-cores and cores 40 2137.4 64.3 12 mm ≤ 12 mm Flakes and waste 189 1019.6 8.6 Krumlovský Les I chert 138 33.9 5 50–55 km Blades and blade fragments 178 298.4 2.8 Krumlovský Les II chert 15 3.7 1 50–55 km Total 407 3455.4 8.5 Krumlovský Les II chert ? 3 0.7 – 50–55 km Krumlovský Les chert 4 1 – 50–55 km Table 14. Asparn-Schletz, the end of phase II and phase III of the LBK. Weight of – burnt chipped stone artefacts. Krakow Jurassic silicite 107 26.3 5 280–290 km Krakow Jurassic silicite ? 1 0.2 – 11.2.3.1 Nearest outcrops of appropriate raw materials Szentgál radiolarite 29 7.1 6 ca 190 km Radiolarite – origin unde- 17 4.2 – fined All outcrops of lithic raw material are relatively far from Erratic silicite 9 2.2 – 175–185 the settlement. The nearest appear to be the cherts from the km Danubian gravels at a distance of 20–30 km. The second Erratic silicite ? 6 1.5 – nearest raw material are the Krumlovský Les (henceforth Erratic silicite or Krakow 13 3.2 – KL) cherts, the outcrops of which lie about 0– km away Jurassic silicite from the settlement. Erratic silicite or KL II 3 0.7 – Krakow Jurassic silicite or 2 0.5 – 11.2.3.2. Raw material KL II Radiolarite – “pebble” cortex 9 2.2 – Limestone 5 1.2 – The chipped stone assemblage from the last phase of the Green schist ? 4 1 – ca 60 km LBK appears very varied in terms of the raw materials used Moravian Jurassic cherts 2 0.5 – 50–76 km (tables 15 & 16). The variety of raw materials indicates that Chert breccia – Krumlovský 2 0.5 – 50–55 km the settlement must have been part of an extensive exchange Les network, at least for a certain time. The KL chert, imported Spotted Świeciechów silicite 1 0.2 – ca 435 km from a distance of 0– km, prevails, but its ratio hardly Carpathian obsidian 1 0.2 – ca 345 km reaches 40 %. Among the Krumlovský Les cherts, the coarse- Quartz 1 0.2 – grained variety KL I is dominant. The chert breccias of which Erratic silicite or Abensberg- 1 0.2 – Arnhofen chert two artefacts are made are also most likely to come from Olomučany chert ? 1 0.2 – Krumlovský Les. Similar chert breccias are known from the Burnt 11 2.7 – settlement of Vedrovice “Široká u lesa“ (Mateiciucová 1992). Undefined 22 5.4 1 The next two artefacts fall under the Moravian Jurassic cherts, Total 407 99.7 18 which could originate from Krumlovský Les or the Brno Basin territory.