.NI~~l'ШЯ .NOI~VWllO~NI .Edltorlal This issue of СА/В focuses on the fascist connection, in par­ in Latin America or the U.S. The Kameradenwerk-the Nazi ticular the U.S. role in helping hundreds, perhaps thousands, old Ьоу network-remained active over the years, vigorous of prominent Nazis avoid retribution ·at the end of World War enough to have planned and carried out · the 1980 coup in 11. The CIA (originally the OSS) and the U.S. military, along Bolivia, for example, and to have held high places in with the Vatican, were instrumental in exfiltrating war crimi­ Pinochet's govemment in Chile. And they are major figures in nals not just to Latin America, but to the United States as well. the intemational arms and drug trades as well-traffic which As the Reagan administration attempts to rewrite history, it the U.S. tries to Ыаmе on the socialist countries. is worthwhile to examine carefully the wartime and postwar Hundreds of Nazis have been set up in scientific institutions machinations of the extreme Right. The President goes to Bit­ in this country. Ironically, it now appears that Star W ars is burg claiming it is time to forgive and forget, when in reality merely an extension of the Nazis' wartime rocket research. he is merely cutting а crude political deal with the reactionary Much of the U.S. space program was designed Ьу them. When West German govemment for its approval of Star Wars Ьу giv­ the Justice Department's Office of Special Investigations leam­ ing his absolution to the SS. ed that the scientist responsiЫe for the Apollo-11 moon trip, Arthur L.H. Rudolph, was а war criminal whaexploited slave Harboring War Criminals laborers to their deaths in his Nazi rocket factory, he was al­ As we demonstrate in the pages of this issue, war criminals lowed to depart the U.S. voluntarily with no prosecution and like Josef Mengele, Walter Rauff, and Кlaus Barble did not no puЫic announcement until he was safely back in West Ger­ simply vanish at the end of the war or gracefully retire. Most of many. them spent several years in the direct employ ofthe U.S. intel­ Rudolph was only one of thousands of fascist scientists, doc­ ligence agencies and, when necessary, were set up in business tors, technicians, and, above all, intelligence operatives, as- Table of Contents Editorial 2 Nazi Doctors in U .S. 26 Allen Dulles and the SS Knights of Malta Examined Ву Peter Dale Scott 4 Ву Francoise Нervet 27 Klaus Barble's Bolivian Coup The Greek Civil War Ву Kai Нermann 15 Ву Eleni F ourtouni 39 А Sophisticated Torture The Real Eleni Ву Robert Cohen 21 Ву N ikos Raptis 41 The Real Treason Supplying the Contras Ву William Preston, Jr. 23 Ву Fred С larkson 56 Interview With Nuremberg Lawyer 24 About the Cover: Left photo: Greek women hanged at Volos, 1943, Ьу Nazi occupiers and their Greek fascist collaborators. Credit: Spyros Meletzis. These women partisans are only а few oftens ofthousands.butchered during the German occupation (1941- 1944) and the civil war (1944-1949) which followed the liberation of Greece. The Greek collaborators not only went unpunished, they commenced а five-year reign of terror-working first with the British and then the Americans-to exterminate the Greek Left. These were the people Eleni Gatzoyiannis supported and served as an informer, for which she was tried, convicted, and executed. Right photo: President Reagan and Chancellor Kohl, Мау 5, 1985, accompanied Ьу General Matthew В. Ridgway (right) and West German General Johannes Steinhoff (left), at Bitburg military cemetary where SS members are buried. Credit: Associated Press. CovertAction lnformation Bulletin, Number 25, Winter 1986; puЫished Ьу Covert Action PuЬ!ications, Inc., а District of Columbla Nonprofit Corporation; Post Office Вох 50272, Washington, DC 20004, (202) 737-5317; and с/о Sheridan Square PuЬ!ications, Inc" 145 West 4th Street, New York, NY 10012, (212) 254- 1061. Typography Ьу Your Туре, New York, NY; printing Ьу Faculty Press, Brooklyn, NY. Staff: Ellen Ray, William Schaap, Louis Wolf, and В. Lynne ВаrЬее. lndexed in the Alternative Press lndex. issN 0275-309Х. '· 2 CovertAction NumЬer 25 (Winter 1986) similated after World Wаг П. Only slowly, and with painstak­ Eleni and the Greek Civil War ing reseaгch, does the information surface. There is no better .example of Фе power of disinformation than the hoopla which suпounded Nicholas Gage's book, Eleni MKULTRA, CBW, and Torture (а cover story in the New York Times Mщ~azine last spring) and the recent movie based on it. First the Nazis, then the British, All of the most ghoulish scientific experimentation Ьу the and then the Americans--each with their fascist Greek col­ Axis medical estaЫishment was eagerly gathered up Ьу the laborators~were responsiЫe from the 1940s through. the U.S. What came of it, and of its practitioners, is а matter of l 970s for the brutal deaths of tens of thousands of Greeks, de­ speculation, though we do know that the CIA's mind control cimatiцg the ranks of the progressive forces. Yet Gage would programs like MKULTRA, torture training through their Of- have us believe that it was the communists who were evil and ,, fice of PuЬlic Safety, and massive reseaгch in and use of chem­ the fascists who were good. We hope the analyses presented ical and Ьiological warfaгe (begun in Operation NKNAOMI) here help rectify the 40-yeaг-old lie Gage has resuпected. were the backbone of CIA and Pentagon covert activities over the last 40 уеагs. Torture, crude and sophisticated, was ex­ The World Anti-Co01щunist Leage ported to client states in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and else­ While General John К. Singlaub makes the rounds of tel~vi­ where, and CBW was directly employed against Vietnam, sion talk shows touting the Nicaraguan contras and hyping СцЬа, and it арреагs, now, Nicaгagua. Recent events indicate WACL's mercenary adventures in Central America, the ori­ that the doors of the Georgetown саг barn (where OPS trained gins ofhis group are pointedly ignored. Many of the WACL's torturers from foreign police forces until 1974, when the pro­ leaders have deep ties not merely to Rev. MQon's myrmidons gram was banned Ьу Congress) аге being opened again. In the but also to Nazis .and .Nazi coПaborators, who hobnob with 1985 foreign aid Ьill the cuпent Congress lifted .the ban on high administration figures. such training at а time when, for example, death squad mur­ ders in El Salvador have douЫed this уеаг. 'fhe Overt Cover't W ars Torture, the policy of so many American аЩеs, is getting Friends jokingly advise us to chщ1ge our name. Covert ac­ better press under Reagan. Newsweek magazine of June 7, tion has become so overt as to make Фе teпn an anachronism. 1982 kicked off the campaign, carrying а column entitled The President, having tnanipulated Congress into repealing the "The Case for Torture," "Ьу CCNY philosophy professor Clark Amendment, has now gone over t.heir heads Ьу Execu­ Michael Levin, who aгgued that torture is ''not merely permis­ tive Order to fund а covert war'against the govemment of An­ siЫe, but tnorally mandatory" to save lives threatened Ьу ter­ gola. As with Nicaragua, debate over this ''secret'' war will Ье rorists. And on November 13, 1985, the New York Times re­ finessed Ьу shifting the focus of discussion. from its legality or ported that "liberal" Senator Patrick J. Leahy {Dem.-Vt.) con­ morality to its level of financing. ~ • fessed to an audience that he did not саге for lie detectors. "1 personally like thumbscrews. They work fаг, Jаг better." The Knights of Malta Compater Researchers: For nine hundred уеагs the Knights of Malta have built up а military and intelligence organization designed to protect the This magazine is typeset Ьу computer, and all material estaЫished order and the privileges of the ruling classes is prepared using "the WordStar® word processing pro­ gram. For computer researchers who may find it useful, throughout the world, yet most people аге unawaгe of their existence. Little is known of their role in the Third Reich or, we will provide floppy disks with the text of all articles along with the Vatican and the CIA, in the protection of Nazis in this issue, in Wordstar, in either the СР/М® or the after the Wаг, or today in the wars in Central America. TJ:ie at­ MS-DOS® format, ~or $20.00. We hope that in the fu­ СА/В Ье availaЫe а ticle in this issue begins what must Ье а long and complicated ture wibl as data base. analysis of this organization and others like it. Nazi flag waves in the Andes after 1980 Bolivian coup. Number 25 (WiQ.ter 1986) CovertAction· 3 How АПеа Dalles and the 55 Preserved Each Other Ву Peter Dale Scott * Dr. J osef Mengele, the "Angel of Death," the experimenter 1945. " 1 And when in the same year а doctor wrote that she and executioner of the German concentration camp at Au­ wished to testify against Mengele, the response of Telford schwitz, is perhaps the most notorious of all the unconvicted Taylor, U.S. Chief of Counsel for War (:rimes at Nuremberg, Nazi war criminals. The exhumation in early 1985 in BraziI of was "to advise our records show Dr. Mengerle [sic] is dead as а body which intemational forensic experts subsequently of October 1946. " 2 (At the time of General Taylor's letter, judged to Ье that of Mengele has momentarily quieted the de­ U.