CHILD LABOUR ASSESSMENT IN BALKH AND SAMANGAN PROVINCES, AFGHANISTAN __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ AN ASSESSMENT REPORT INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION ROADS TO JOBS (R2J) PROJECT December 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... v ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................ vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ..................................................................... 1 1.1. Country Profile: Geography and Economy ................................................................................ 1 1.2. Profiles of Balkh and Samangan Provinces ............................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Balkh Province.......................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Samangan Provincial Profile ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3. Overview of Child Labour in Afghanistan .................................................................................. 6 1.4. Purpose and Objectives of the Child Labour Assessment .................................................... 9 1.4.1 Objectives of the Qualitative Component ..................................................................................................... 9 1.5. Structure of the Report ................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................................ 11 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Concepts and Definitions ............................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 3: TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 15 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Data and Information Collection Approaches ....................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Community Profile Survey ............................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) ................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.3 Household Survey ................................................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 Quality Control .................................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.1. Hiring and Training of the Data Collectors ............................................................................................. 18 3.3.2. Field Supervision .................................................................................................................................................. 18 3.3.3. Data Capture .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.4. Data Entry ............................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.1. Techniques for Reporting ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.5 Report Writing ................................................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4: COMMUNITY PROFILE .............................................................................................. 20 4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 20 4.2. Community Resources .................................................................................................................... 20 4.3. Gender Concerns and Participation of Women and Girls ................................................. 21 4.4. Working Children ............................................................................................................................. 22 4.5. Developments in the Community and How It Has Affected Children .......................... 24 4.6. Children’s Aspirations and the Decision Making Processes ............................................ 25 4.7. Present Sources of Income in the Communities ................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 5: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURVEY POPULATION ........................................ 27 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 27 5.2 Distribution of Population by Age and Sex ............................................................................. 27 5.3 Mean Age .............................................................................................................................................. 28 5.4 Age Dependency Ratio .................................................................................................................... 29 5.5 Mean Household Size ...................................................................................................................... 30 5.6 Sex of Household Head ................................................................................................................... 30 5.7 Education Attainment ..................................................................................................................... 31 5.8 School Attendance ............................................................................................................................ 32 CHAPTER 6: WORKING CHILDREN ................................................................................................ 34 6.1 Population Aged 5-17 Years Engaged in Work at least 1 Hour a Week ...................... 34 6.2 Distribution of Working Children by Sex ................................................................................ 34 6.3 Distribution of Population Aged 5-17 Years by Activity Status ...................................... 35 6.4 Distribution of Working Children by Age and Household Headship ............................ 36 6.5 School Attendance and Work Status ......................................................................................... 37 6.6 Distribution of Working Children by Age and Sectors ....................................................... 38 6.7 Distribution of Working Children by Number of Hours Worked ................................... 39 6.8 Distribution of Working Children by Age and Usual Working Time ............................ 40 6.9 Distribution of Working Children by Age and Employment Status .............................. 40 6.10 Distribution of Working Children by Age and Reason for Working ......................... 41 6.11 Distribution of Working Children by Who Receives their Wages ............................. 41 CHAPTER 7: CHILDREN IN CHILD LABOUR ................................................................................. 43 7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 43 7.2 Child Labour Filtering Process .................................................................................................... 43 7.3 Distribution of Child Labourers by Age and Number of Hours Worked ..................... 43 7.4 Distribution of Child Labourers by Time of Work ............................................................... 44 7.5 Distribution of Child Labourers by Type of Work and Hours Worked ........................ 45 7.6 Some Identified WFCL .................................................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 46 8.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................