COLOMBIA Coca cultivation survey 2013 June 2014 Government of Colombia Coca cultivation survey 2013 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following organizations and individuals contributed to the implementation of the 2013 coca cultivation survey in Colombia and to the preparation of this report: Colombian Government: Ministry of Justice and Law Colombian Anti-narcotics Police - DIRAN Ministry of Defence Ministry of Foreing Affairs Administrative Unit for Territorial Consolidation UACT Departamet for Social Prosperity Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi – National Carthographic Agency Special Administrative Unit of the National Parks System UAESPNN UNODC: Bo Mathiasen, Representative in Colombia Hyarold Leonardo Correa, Technical Coordinator Orlando González, Expert in Digital Processing Sandra Rodríguez, Expert in Digital Processing Zully Sossa, Expert in Digital Processing María Isabel Velandia, Expert in Digital Processing Juan Carlos Parra, Editing Engineer María Ximena Gualdrón, Field Engineer Ana Donato, Chemistry Germán Andrés Clavijo Hincapié, Junior Analyst in Digital Processing Henry Salgado, Expert in Research and Analysis Laura Castro, Research support Martha Luz Gutierrez, Logistic and Technical research in support Jerson Andres Achicanoy, GIS Support Engineer Omar Erbey Sotelo, GIS Support Engineer Lina Arévalo, Support Analyst and Researcher. Daniel León, PDI Support Engineer. Omar Pachón, SIG and PDI Analyst. Martha Liliana Martinez, graphic designer. Cielo Jazmin Piñeros, Support and researcher Alfonso Zuluaga, Component 5 Project COLK53 Coordinator, Alternative Development Juan Pablo Ardila, Geographic leader Project COLK53 Component 5, Alternative Development Hector Hernando Bernal, Research Chemist. Focal Point PRELAC - U.E. Angela Me, Chief, Studies and Surveys Section, Vienna. Coen Bussink, Expert in Remote Sensors and GIS, Studies and Surveys Section, Vienna Irmgard Zeiler, Statistics, Studies and Surveys Section, Vienna. The implementation of the Illicit Crops Monitoring Programme of UNODC for 2013 was possible thanks to the financial support of the governments of Colombia, Poland and European Union. Unless another source is specified, the source of all the graphs of this report is the Colombian Government, within the context of the Monitoring System supported by UNODC. Photo credits: UNODC/SIMCI unless otherwise specified. ISSN – 2011-0596 Abbreviations ADAM Areas of alternative development Municipal COP$ Colombian pesos CLIC Index of consolidation of zones free from illegal cultivations DANE National Administrative Department of Statistics DEA US Drugs Enforcement Agency DIRAN Colombian Anti-narcotics Police DNP National Planning Department FWFP Forest Warden Families Programme GDP Gross Domestic Product GME Mobile Eradication Groups IGAC Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi – National Carthographic Agency ICMP Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme INCODER Rural Development Agency INCB International Narcotics Control Board MIDAS More Investment for Sustainable Alternative Development m.t. Metric tons OAS Organization of American States PCI Presidential Management against Illicit Crops PRADICAN Program anti-illicit drugs in the Andean Community PRELAC Preventing the diversion of drug precursors in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean NPTC National Plan for Territorial Consolidation PONAL National Police of Colombia SIMCI Integrated Illicit Crops Monitoring System II UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime USAID United States Agency for International Development US$ United States Dollar UAESPNN Unidad Administrativa Especial del Sistema de Parques Nacionales Naturales – National Parks Agency UPA Agricultural Production Unit UPAC Agricultural Production Unit Coca TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................13 1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................15 2. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 16 COCA CROPS ......................................................................................................................................................16 Coca cultivation dynamics analysis ................................................................................................................19 Ilicit crop establishment dynamics ..................................................................................................................19 2013 Regional Trends ..................................................................................................................................22 Hazard index municipal presence of coca, 2013 ..............................................................................................22 Deforestation due to coca cultivation ..............................................................................................................24 Historical series analysis ...............................................................................................................................27 Coca Leaf, Coca paste, Cocaine base and Cocaine hydrochloride Production ............................................................46 Productivity studies update. ..........................................................................................................................47 2013 productivity studies: Meta – Guaviare and Orinoco regions ......................................................................48 POTENTIAL COCA LEAF, COCA PASTE, COCAINE BASE AND COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................53 PRICES ..............................................................................................................................................................56 Coca leaf prices ...........................................................................................................................................58 Coca paste prices ........................................................................................................................................58 Cocaine base prices .....................................................................................................................................59 Cocaine hydrochloride prices ........................................................................................................................59 Annual income per hectare of coca crop during 2013 .......................................................................................60 Poppy cultivations .................................................................................................................................................63 Latex and Heroin production .........................................................................................................................65 Latex and heroin prices ................................................................................................................................65 MARIJUANA CULTIVATIONS .................................................................................................................................67 Marijuana Production ....................................................................................................................................67 Marijuana prices ..........................................................................................................................................67 RELATED INVESTIGATIONS AND STUDIES ..........................................................................................................69 Regional Baselines ......................................................................................................................................69 Illegal phenomena dynamics within the territory ..............................................................................................70 INTERNAL MONITORING OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES WITHIN COLOMBIA .........................................................73 Audit institution relations –CCITE users ..........................................................................................................73 Institutional Relations ...................................................................................................................................75 Understanding the ssqq dynamics .................................................................................................................76 ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................................78 Alternative development as global politics .......................................................................................................78 The last decade of alternative development in Colombia (2003 – 2013) .............................................................78 The Forest Ranger family programme ............................................................................................................79 Productive Projects Programme ....................................................................................................................82 Post-Eradication