The Holocaust Notes to accompany the PowerPoint. A teaching resource created by the Birmingham Holocaust Education Center July 2007 Table of Contents Slide # Slide Title Page # 2 The Holocaust: Introduction 1 3 Definition of the Holocaust 3 4 The Holocaust Was Unique 3 5 Map: Two Thousand Years of Jewish Life in Europe by 1933 3 6 Graph: Jews in the World in the Early 19th and 20th Centuries 4 7-10 Photos: Jewish Life Before the War 5 11 Perspectives Triangle: Victims 6 12 The Victims 7 13 Pyramid of Holocaust Progression 10 14 Who Was Hitler? 11 15 - Born in Austria 11 16 - Hitler’s Family Tree 11 18 - Reared Catholic 12 20 - Aspired to be an Artist 13 22 - Exposed to Antisemitic Influences While in Vienna 13 24 - Moved to Germany to Avoid the Draft 14 25 Factors Contributing to the Rise of the Nazis 15 26-27 - Treaty of Versailles 15 29 - Economics 16 30 ▪ Unemployment in Germany 1928-1933 16 32-33 ▪ Inflation in Germany 17 35 ▪ Worldwide Depression 1929 18 37 - German Nationalism 19 39 - Antisemitism 20 40 Hitler’s Rise to Power 21 41 - Birth of the Nazi Party 21 43 - The Weimar Republic 22 45 - Beer Hall (Munich) Putsch – November 8-9, 1923 23 46 - Mein Kampf 24 48 - Chart: Reichstag Deputies 1919-1933 24 49-50 - Nazi Election Posters 26 52 - Hitler Appointed Chancellor 27 54 - Reichstag Fire (Feb. 27, 1933) / Emergency Decree 28 56 - Enabling Act (March 23, 1933) 29 58 - Night of the Long Knives (June 30, 1934) 30 60 - Hitler Becomes Führer 33 61 What the Nazis Believed 34 62 - Listing of Beliefs 34 63 - Dr. Seuss Editorial Cartoon, “Second Creation” 36 65 - Racial Science 37 67 - Nazi Platform 39 69 - Nazi Symbols 40 70 Perspectives Triangle: Perpetrators 41 71 The Perpetrators 42 72 Chart of Occupational Background of Nazi Leaders 45 73 Crucial Divisions of the Nazi Party 46 ii Slide # Slide Title Page # 74 Nazi Intentions Revealed 47 75 - Anti-Jewish Policies 47 76 ▪ Laws Restricting Civil Rights 48 77-79 ▪ Laws Restricting Personal Rights 48 80 ▪ Laws Restricting Education 50 81 ▪ Laws Restricting Occupation 51 82 ▪ Laws Restricting Private Property and Business 52 83 ▪ Quote Noting the Progression of Restrictions 53 85 - Boycott of Jewish Shops (April 1, 1933) 54 87 - Nazi Book Burning (May 10, 1933) 55 89 - Nuremberg Laws (September 15, 1935) 56 91 - The November Decree (November 14, 1935) 57 92 Nazi Propaganda 58 93 - The Hitler Youth 59 95 - Education in Nazi Germany 61 96 ▪ The German National Catechism 63 97 ▪ Typical School Day 65 98 ▪ Changes in the Curriculum 65 99 ▪ Excerpt from Biology Textbook 66 100 ▪ Math Lesson for First Grade 66 101 ▪ The Poisonous Mushroom 66 102 ▪ “Juden-Raus!” (Jews Out) 70 ▪ Additions to the Curriculum 103 - Teaching Racial Ideology 71 104 - Teaching War Oriented Sports 72 105 - Media 73 106 ▪ Newspaper 73 107 ▪ Radio 74 108 ▪ Film 74 109 ▪ Posters 75 111 - 1936 Olympics in Berlin 76 112 Violations of the Treaty of Versailles 77 112 - Map 77 114 - The Rhineland Falls (March 1936) 78 116-117 - Anschluss of Austria (March 13, 1938) 79 119 - Sudetenland Falls (September 1938) 80 120 Kristallnacht (November 9-10, 1938) 82 121 - Photos of Burning Synagogues 83 122 - Photos of Destruction of Property 84 123 - Photos of Victims 84 124 - Map: Jews Sent to Concentration Camps, November 1938 84 125 Jewish Emigration 85 126 - Chart: Jewish Emigration from Nazi Territories 1933-1941 85 128 - Why Not Leave? 86 130-131 - Evian Conference (July 6-15, 1938) 88 133 - Map: German Jews Find Refuge, 1933-1938 89 135 - Chart: American Immigration 1820-2000 89 137 - Kindertransport / Children’s Transport (1938-1940) 91 139 - The S.S. St. Louis, “Voyage of the Damned” (May 13, 1939) 92 141 - Palestine Shuts Its Doors 93 iii Slide # Slide Title Page # 142 German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (August 23, 1939) 94 143 World War II Begins 95 143 - Map: World War II, 1939-1942 95 145 - The German Invasion of Poland (Sept. 1, 1939) 96 147 - Map: Poland’s Jewish Communities on the Eve of War 97 149 - The Blitzkrieg of Poland 98 151 - The Division of Poland 99 153-155 - Germanization of Polish Gentiles 100 157 - Isolation of Polish Jews 102 158 ▪ Humiliation and Terror 103 160 ▪ Forced Labor 104 162 ▪ Expulsion 105 164-165 ▪ The Jewish Badge 106 166 The Ghettos 108 167 - Map: Ghettos in Occupied Europe 1939-1944 108 168 - Chart: Major Jewish Ghettos 108 169 Ghetto Life 109 170 - Judenrat 109 172 - Arrival 110 173 - Map of Lodz Ghetto / Building Ghetto Walls 110 175-177 - Daily Life 111 179 - Jewish Life 112 181 - Conditions 113 183 - Smuggling 114 185 - Forced Labor 114 187-189 - Liquidation / Resettlement 115 190 - Drawing: “The Ghetto” by Samual Bak 116 191 Attack in the West 118 193 - Invasion of Denmark & Norway (April 9, 1940) 118 195 - Invasion of the Lowlands (May 10, 1940) 121 197 - Invasion of France (May 13, 1940) 124 198 ▪ Hitler Tours Paris 125 199 ▪ Armistice (June 22, 1940) 125 200 ▪ “Stamps” – Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite 127 201 - Italy Joins the Axis (June 10, 1940) 128 203-204 - The Battle of Britain (July 10, 1940) 129 205 The Tripartite Pact 130 206 Attack in the South (April 1941) 131 207 Dr. Seuss Political Cartoon, “Pulling in Russia” 134 208 Attack in the East 134 209-210 - The Invasion (June 22, 1941) 134 212 - Soviet P.O.W.’s 136 214-216 - Einsatzgruppen 138 218 - Bialystock Massacre (June 27, 1941) 142 220 - Babi Yar Massacre (September 28-29, 1941) 143 221 - Elegy for the Jewish Villages 144 iv Slide # Slide Title Page # 222 Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941) 145 223-224 Wannsee Conference (January 20, 1942) 146 225 The Evolution of Death 148 226 Deportations 150 227 - Drawing: “In the Railway Car” by Ella Shiber 153 228 - “Written in Pencil in a Sealed Railway Car” by Dan Pagis 154 229 - Map: Deportations to Auschwitz 155 230 The Camps 156 231-233 - Types of Concentration Camps 156 235 - The Extermination Camps 158 237 - Treblinka 164 239-243 - Auschwitz 167 245 ▪ Arrival 168 247-249 ▪ Selection 169 251 ▪ “Canada” 172 253-254 ▪ Registration 173 256 ▪ Daily Life 176 256 - Barracks 176 258-259 - Roll Call 177 261-262 - Food 178 264 - Slave Labor 179 266 - Brutality 181 268 - Survival 182 270 ▪ Medical Experiments 184 272 ▪ Extermination 185 274-276 - Gassings 186 278-279 - Crematorium I 189 281 - Crematorium II 190 283 - Crematorium III 191 285 - Crematorium IV 192 287 - Crematorium V 193 288 - Artwork: “In Memory of the Czech Transport” 193 290 - The Value of Life 194 291 ▪ Calculation by the SS of Profit Value of Prisoners 194 292 ▪ Quote: Primo Levy Describes the Camps 194 293 Resistance 195 294 - Obstacles to Resistance 195 296 - Jewish Resistance 197 298 - Non-Jewish Resistance 199 300-302 - Resistance in the Ghettos and the Camps 201 304-305 - Partisan Activity 204 306-307 The Final Stages of War 205 309-310 - Allied Invasion at Normandy, D-Day (June 6, 1944) 205 312-313 - The Allies Close In 206 315-317 - Death Marches 207 319-322 - Liberation 209 324 - Yalta (Crimea) Conference (February 4-11, 1945) 214 326 - Hitler’s Last Days 216 328 - The Fall of Berlin (May 2, 1945) 217 330 - Surrender in the West (May 8, 1945) 218 332 - Allied Occupation and Denazification 220 v Slide # Slide Title Page # 333 The Aftermath 222 334 - Jewish Losses 222 336 - Displaced Persons (DP’s) 227 338 - Potsdam Conference (July 17 – August 2, 1945) 229 339 - Map: Europe after World War I and World War II 231 341-345 - The Nuremberg Trials (November 20, 1945-October 1, 1946) 231 346 Perspectives Triangle: Bystanders 239 347-348 Bystanders 239 349 Perspectives Triangle: Rescuers 240 350 Rescue 241 351 - What Motivated Rescuers? 241 353 - Methods of Rescue 242 355 - Individuals Who Rescued 242 357 - Diplomats Who Rescued 246 359 - Governments That Rescued 250 361 - Righteous Among Nations 252 362 ▪ American Righteous Gentiles 253 363 ▪ Avenue of the Righteous, Yad Vashem 254 364 America and the Holocaust 255 365 - Antisemitism in the U.S. / Emergency Rescue Committee 256 367 - Bund Report / The Riegner Telegram 259 369 - The Bergson Group 262 371 - Jan Karski / War Refugee Board 264 373 - Why Auschwitz Was Not Bombed? 268 375 - The New York Times 270 376 Monuments and Memorials 272 376 - Yad Vashem’s Memorial to the Deportees 272 377 - Janusz Korczak 272 378 - Treblinka 273 379 - Plaszow Memorial 273 380 - Sculpture of Love & Anguish / Miami Beach, FL 274 381 - Shoes on the Danube Bank / Budapest, Hungary 274 382 - Rosenstrasse Memorial 275 383 - Yad Vashem’s Valley of the Communities 276 384-385 Survivors 277 386 The Children “A Loss of Infinite Possibilities” 278 387-389 Works Cited 279 vi Slide 1 How to Navigate PowerPoint Slide 2 The Holocaust: Introduction The Holocaust is often taught in terms of dictators, war, suffering and death; however, in order to more fully process the implications of the Holocaust, one must also consider the sorrows and the joys of the people who experienced this tragic event. Recognizing that the Alabama Course of Study minimally addresses issues regarding the Holocaust and its relevance to today, and recognizing that resources can be both difficult to locate and overwhelming, this presentation seeks to assist teachers by providing them with an extensive, yet user-friendly format for middle and high school instruction that incorporates multi-disciplinary information. Many students study historical events with the expectation that a closer examination will provide greater knowledge, understanding, and ultimately, a sense of closure.