President’s Message Jane Randol Jackson Historic Trails & Communities New literature on the! weapons of Lewis and Clark ! ! LCNHT Interactive Map Updates Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation / www.lewisandclark.org November 2011 Volume 37, No. 4 Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation / www.lewisandclark.org May 2013 Volume 39, No. 2 THE SHEARCH!"#$%& FOR R C&%'#$!("LARK’S E LUSIVE BY&#)&&(ELLOWST ONEB%'*+,&&# CANOE CAAMP(- A.&/$*'( F0/ T/'11&/" KARL BODMER, BLACKFOOT CHIEF AND PEIKANN CHIEF, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. Thomas Jefferson, A Moose, and Thethe EarlyTheory History of American of We Proceeded Degeneracy On "Our Canoes on the River Rochejhone" by Charles Fritz, 19 inches by 16 inches, oil on board Reflections on William Clark Contents President’s Message: What Would Lewis and Clark Do? 2 Letters: Suicide Theory Challenged 4 L&C Roundup: Remembering Ruth Lange, 6 Frank X Walker named Kentucky Poet Laureate, Clymer Masterpiece on Exhibit, Artists on the Trail Short Tempers and Long Knives: 8 Hostilities Between the Blackfeet Confederacy and American Fur Trappers from 1806 to 1840 The geographic location of the Blackfeet Confederacy, the confederacy’s alliance with the British, the inclusion of the Atsinas in the confederacy, and materialistic competition that developed as a result of the fur trade all led to hostile relations. A Blackfoot Indian on Horseback, p. 8 By Jay H. Buckley We Proceeded On 19 A look back at the creation and early years of our historical journal. By Barb Kubik William Clark: Reflections on His Interactions 25 with Family, Native Nations, and Landscapes Clark’s legacy in the West is intrinsically tied to his relationships and encounters with family and friends, American Indian nations, and landscapes of the East. By Jay H. Buckley Book Reviews: Weapons of Lewis & Clark Expedition 35 Soundings: Updates to the Lewis and Clark National Historic 36 Trail Interactive Map Jim Peterson and Bev Hinds, p. 21 On the Cover WHEN SIOUX AND BLACKFEET MEET, BY C.M. RUSSELL, COURTESY OF THE SID RICHARDSON MUSEUM, FORT WORTH, TEXAS A moment of furious !ghting involving three individuals from two of the most feared tribes on the plains tells the history of war at close quarters. William Clark, p. 25 President’s Message What Would Lewis and Clark Do? May 2013 r Volume 39, Number 2 WE PROCEEDED ON is the of!cial publication of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. Its name derives from a phrase that appears repeatedly in the ometimes I collective journals of the expedition. © 2013 S embark on E. G. Chuinard, M.D., Founder a personal mental ISSN 02275-6706 exercise by asking Interim Editor and Designer the question: “What Wendy Raney would Lewis and Eileen Chontos, Chontos Design, Inc. Clark do right Volunteer Proofreaders now?” That is, if )$BSM$BNQr+FSSZ(BSSFUU President Barack Printed by Advanced Litho Obama were to give Great Falls, Mont. explorers a mission in 2013, what would EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD that endeavor be? +BZ)#VDLMFZ Glen Lindeman Provo, UT Pullman, WA Just as the Corps H. Carl Camp +*.FSSJUU o f D i s c o v e r y Omaha, NE Pennington, NJ “proceeded on” From left, Dan Sturdevant, Tyler Frisbee, staff member for Robert C. Carriker 3PCFSU.PPSF +S through challenges Congressman Earl Blumenauer, D-OR, and Lindy Hatcher. Spokane, WA St. Louis, MO and trials 210 years Most of Dan and Lindy’s 12 congressional office visits involved a Carolyn Gilman Gary E. Moulton ago, the corps of the 10- to 15-minute meeting with a congressional staff member who St. Louis, MO Lincoln, NE works on land, water, and trail issues. +BNFT)PMNCFSH Philippa New!eld Lewis and Clark Louisville, KY San Francisco, CA Trail Heritage Foundation proceeds modern explorers are interested in Barb Kubik Wendy Raney on today. exploring the ocean floor and outer Vancouver, WA Chair Lewis and Clark would be surprised space. Astronauts on the U.S. Apollo Cascade, MT to know the Lewis and Clark Trail moon missions embarked about the Heritage Foundation has carried on Membership Information same year that the Lewis and Clark their “darling project” to be keepers National Historic Trail was created by Membership in the Lewis and Clark Trail of the story and stewards of the trail. Heritage Foundation, Inc. is open to the Congress. The Space Shuttle missions public. Information and applications are Like the captains, our organization followed and were quite successful, available by writing Membership Coordinator, has had ties to the nation’s capital, although Challenger and Columbia Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, especially during the Lewis and Clark ended in disaster. Now, robot rovers P.O. Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403. Bicentennial. We continue to be a are conducting Mars explorations called WE PROCEEDED ON, the quarterly journal national leader, in concert with federal, Spirit and Opportunity. They roam the of the Foundation, is mailed to current members in February, May, August, and state, and tribal organizations, to red planet and send back photos of what November. Articles appearing in this journal protect, promote and extend the appears to be water. More recently, are abstracted and indexed in HISTORICAL reach of the Lewis and Clark National private individuals are considering plans ABSTRACTS and AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE. Historic Trail. to send tourists into space. Annual Membership Categories: Recently, Lindy Hatcher and I Scientists also are probing inner space. Student: $30 represented the Lewis and Clark Exploration into microscopic matter and Individual: $49 Trail Heritage Foundation at a “Hike subatomic particles, nanotechnology, Individual 3-Year: $133 the Hill” event sponsored by the and other quantum physics is leading Family/International: $65/$70 Partnership for the National Trails Trail Partner: $200 them where no one has gone before. Heritage Club: $100 System and the American Hiking We seek cures for diseases and other Explorer Club: $150 Society. We visited the of!ces of a dozen solutions to pressing questions. +FGGFSTPO$MVC members of Congress in February to Like Lewis and Clark, humankind Discovery Club: $500 talk about land and water legislation Lifetime: $995, $2,500 and $5,000 remains engaged in war and and other bills related to the Lewis and peace, seeking ways to overcome The Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc. is a tax-exempt nonpro!t corporation. Individual Clark National Historic Trail. disagreements, breaking down racial, membership dues are not tax deductible. The Lewis and Clark were interested national, and economic barriers, and portion of premium dues over $40 is tax deductible. in exploring the unknown, just as living in peace with one another. As 2 ! We Proceeded On May 2013 President’s Message our country and our world advance, members like you. We have pared and will not be able to continue as how are people living together, despite down our expenses to meet constricting editor. Wendy Raney graciously agreed the clash of cultures and traditions? budgets. We thank you for your past to step in as interim editor of this issue. How are the Native American tribes support and encourage you to offer We will be announcing the hiring of that Lewis and Clark encountered— your continued support. a permanent editor who will assume especially after the facing the challenges Lewis and Clark also faced responsibility for the August issue. Our that started with European arrival? publication pressures and obstacles. intent is for our new editor to be on Lewis and Clark lived in a time Lewis’s efforts to publish their journals board for at least !ve years. We believe when the government was in debt, were challenged by several editors this continuity will be a great blessing international relations were in turmoil, who initiated and stopped production. for the journal and for the organization. and a major political shift had resulted Eventually they were published in 1814. Meanwhile, we encourage you to start from the last presidential election. Our quarterly journal, We Proceeded writing articles for this publication. The captains had to find ways to On, has had the good fortune to have We thank you for your continued use their resources and improvise had some great editors for extended support of this, our excellent journal, to make ends meet. The bulk of the periods of time. Jim Merritt and then We Proceeded On. funds held in trust by the Lewis and Wendy Raney edited the journal for I want to thank Jay Buckley for his Clark Trail Heritage Foundation is more than a decade. Since Wendy help in writing the above. invested as endowed funds supporting started her family, we have had editors trail stewardship. While the recent step in, including Caroline Patterson. –Dan Sturdevant stock market rise has helped the funds Caroline just received her “dream job” President, LCTHF recover to 2008 levels, those funds are reserved for projects like the trail stewardship grant program that we launched two years ago. We carefully Two great ways to explore the Trail! use these endowment funds for the bene!t of the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. We feel optimistic about the long-range future of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation Grab a paddle and and we express our gratitude to those IDAHO’S OUTDOOR ADVENTURE RESORT board one of ROW’s 34’ Canoes to travel the whose forward thinking helped make The ideal location for exploring the Historic Lolo waters that Lewis & Clark and Nez Perce Trail. Located along US Hwy. 12 on the this possible. We encourage our readers paddled nearly 200 years ago, Clearwater River 2 1/2 hours west of Missoula, Montana. to make a donation. hiking and exploring along the way.