Road Safety in India: Status Report 2016 Unknown & other 5% Bus Truck 4% 11% Pedestrian 33% Car 7% Bicycle 6% MTW 34% Road Safety in India: Status Report 2016 Dinesh Mohan Geetam Tiwari Kavi Bhalla Transportation Research & Injury Prevention Programme Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 2017 Acknowledgement This work has been partially supported by Tata Education and Development Trust. Technical support by Aman Trehan & Alokeparna Sengupta Formatting and publication support Mahesh K. Gaur. Recommended citation Mohan, D., Tiwari, G. and Bhalla, K. (2017) Road Safety in India: Status Report 2017. New Delhi: Transportation Research & Injury Prevention Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. www.iitd.ac.in/-tripp. Contents may be reproduced with attribution to the authors. © Transportation Research & Injury Prevention Programme (TRIPP) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. CONTENTS Executive summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 Road traffic crash and injury data .......................................................................................... 1 Analysis of data at national level ................................................................................................ 1 Urban safety ............................................................................................................................... 2 Intercity highways ...................................................................................................................... 3 Status of research in road safety ............................................................................................... 3 International knowledge base .................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 National road traffic injury fatality rate ....................................................................................... 5 Vehicle Population ................................................................................................................. 5 Road traffic crash and injury data .................................................................................................. 7 Recording of crashes ................................................................................................................. 7 Reporting of RTI crash data ....................................................................................................... 7 RTI fatality estimates .................................................................................................................. 8 Non-fatal injury estimates .......................................................................................................... 9 Ranking in causes of death and population health .................................................................. 10 International comparison .......................................................................................................... 12 Data used In this report ............................................................................................................ 14 Injury and fatality data .......................................................................................................... 14 Data from NCRB and MoRTH reports ................................................................................. 16 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 18 Analysis of data at national level .................................................................................................. 21 National fatality rates ................................................................................................................ 21 Estimates of modal share of RTI fatalities in India ................................................................... 22 Fatality distribution by age and sex ......................................................................................... 24 State wise analysis ................................................................................................................... 25 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 30 Urban safety ................................................................................................................................. 31 City data ................................................................................................................................... 31 RTI details for selected cities ................................................................................................... 31 RTI victims and impacting vehicles ...................................................................................... 35 Road traffic fatalities by type of road user and time of crash .............................................. 36 Road user risk analysis ............................................................................................................ 36 Occupant risk per hundred thousand vehicles .................................................................... 36 Personal fatality risk per 10 million trips .............................................................................. 37 Fatalities associated with each vehicle type accounting for exposure ................................ 37 Conclusions from detailed city studies ................................................................................ 38 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 39 Intercity highways ......................................................................................................................... 41 i Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 41 Crash patterns .......................................................................................................................... 41 Other studies ............................................................................................................................ 44 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 45 Status of research in road safety ................................................................................................. 47 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 47 Indian research output ............................................................................................................. 48 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 49 International knowledge base ...................................................................................................... 51 International knowledge base for control of road traffic injuries .............................................. 51 Results of systematic reviews .................................................................................................. 51 Legislation and enforcement ................................................................................................ 51 Education campaigns and driver education ........................................................................ 51 Vehicle factors ...................................................................................................................... 52 Environmental and infrastructure factors ............................................................................. 53 Pre-hospital care .................................................................................................................. 53 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 54 Way forward ................................................................................................................................. 55 Practice points ......................................................................................................................... 55 Pedestrian and bicyclist safety ............................................................................................ 55 Motorcyclist and motor vehicle safety ................................................................................. 55 Road measures .................................................................................................................... 55 Enforcement ......................................................................................................................... 55 Pre-hospital care, treatment and rehabilitation .................................................................... 55 Research agenda ................................................................................................................. 56 Institutional arrangements ........................................................................................................ 56 Establish