REQUIREMENTS FOR RESOURCE NETWORKS COMPARED TO THE STATE OF THE ART Deliverable nº: D4.2 WP4, Task 4.2 October, 2015 (M24) EC-GA Number: 608977 FoF.NMP.2013-1 Improved use of renewable resources at factory level D4.2: Requirements for Resource Networks compared to the state of the art 2/127 Work Package: WP4 Type of document: Deliverable Diss. Level: PU1 Date: 03/11/2015 Grant Agreement No 608977 Partners: IWU, CARTIF, AENOR, JER, DMU, IKERLAN Responsible: IWU D4.2. Requirements for Resource Title: Networks compared to the state of the Version: 1.0 Page: 2 / 127 art Deliverable D4.2 Requirements for Resource Networks compared to the state of the art DUE DELIVERY DATE: M24 ACTUAL DELIVERY DATE: M25 1 PU = Public PP = Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services). RE = Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services). CO = Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services). REEMAIN GA nº 608977 D4.2: Requirements for Resource Networks compared to the state of the art 3/127 Document History Vers. Issue Date Content and changes Author 0.1 30/07/2015 First version (Introduction) Johannes Stoldt 0.2 15/09/2015 Version for 1st status telcon; Johannes Stoldt Integration IKERLAN contrib. (section 3.2) 0.3 16/09/2015 Integration of JER contrib. (section Johannes Stoldt 3.1) 0.4 27/09/2015 Integration of CARTIF (sections 1.2, Johannes Stoldt 4.3 & 5.2) and updated AENOR contrib.; final sections 4.3 & 3.3 added 0.5 23/10/2015 Final sections 4.2 & 5.1 added Johannes Stoldt 0.6 26/10/2015 Final sections 4.1, 6 & 7 added Johannes Stoldt 0.7 27/10/2015 Formatting of headings, references, Johannes Stoldt tables and captions; added introductory paragraphs; version for review 0.8 28/10/2015 Executive summary; summary; Johannes Stoldt partially added missing references; removed level 5 headings; added missing section 4.2.1.5 0.9 02/11/2015 Integrated reviewer suggestions Johannes Stoldt 1.0 30/10/2015 Updated directories (TOC, Figures, Johannes Stoldt Tables, Acronyms), Integrated further reviewer suggestions REEMAIN GA nº 608977 D4.2: Requirements for Resource Networks compared to the state of the art 4/127 Document Authors Partners Contributors IWU Johannes Stoldt, Enrico Franz, Corina Melzer, Marian Süße CARTIF Francisco Morentin, Freddy Velez, Luis A. Bujedo, Alberto Moral AENOR Rafael Postigo Sierra JER Uli Jakob, Johannes Steinbeißer IKERLAN Inigo Gandiaga Document Approvers Partners Approvers CARTIF Anibal Reñones DMU Rick Greenough REEMAIN GA nº 608977 D4.2: Requirements for Resource Networks compared to the state of the art 5/127 Executive Summary The primary aim of work package 4 is the development of methods supporting the concept of “Energy Efficiency 2.0”. This is a term coined for an approach which goes beyond the current effort to energy efficiency: introduction of technically efficient equipment, reduction of energy waste and mitigation of environmental pollution according to legislative requirements. “Energy Efficiency 2.0” is meant for companies which take a proactive approach in their management towards ecology and sustainability in general. A special concern in the matter is the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) immediately in the production environment of manufacturing companies. For this purpose, a Resource Networks Methodology (RNM) is developed which is aimed to provide an approach which integrates all the different resources (as in requirements for a production operation) into factory planning and control methods. This deliverable details the theoretical background for the RNM and details the exact need for action as well as the requirements for development of the methodology. It discusses the motivation behind the push towards “Energy Efficiency 2.0” from a point of view of the European legislative, European standardisation bodies and the European markets. As RES and energy storages will be a major enabler or even requirement of the RNM, the available technologies and there characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, the state of the art on smart grids and micro grids is presented to give some background on other approaches which are being researched. The deliverable further summarises the state of the art in both science and practice on energy efficiency in production as one of the aspects to be integrated in the RNM. As flexibilities and volatilities are a prime concern of the RNM, a review of these in production systems has been made and is complemented with an overview of other projects considering the issue in relation with the integration of RES. Lastly, the need for action and the requirements for the further developments in Tasks 4.2 and 4.3 of the REEMAIN project are introduced. One example for such requirements is the placement of the RNM in the production system planning process (see Figure 1). REEMAIN GA nº 608977 D4.2: Requirements for Resource Networks compared to the state of the art 6/127 FIGURE 1: INDICATION OF THE RESOURCE NETWORKS PLANNING METHOD IN THE FACTORY PLANNING PROCESS. REEMAIN GA nº 608977 D4.2: Requirements for Resource Networks compared to the state of the art 7/127 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 9 2. Motivation ................................................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 EUROPEAN LAWS AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 EUROPEAN LAWS/INICIATIVES ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2 STANDARDS.......................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 CHANGES IN EUROPE’S ENERGY MARKETS .............................................................................................. 15 2.2.1 EVOLUTION OF THE ENERGY MARKETS (ELECTRICITY AND FUELS) ...................................................................... 16 2.2.2 EXAMPLES ............................................................................................................................................................ 32 3. Renewable Energy Sources – Importance for the Future Energy System .................................................... 38 3.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES .................................................................................................................. 38 3.1.1 DEFINITION AND APPROACHES ............................................................................................................................ 38 3.1.2 TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.3 SOLAR PROCESS HEAT .......................................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.4 APPLICATION EXAMPLES ...................................................................................................................................... 45 3.1.5 MARKET PENETRATION ........................................................................................................................................ 48 3.2 STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES .......................................................................................................................... 49 3.2.1 DEFINITION AND APPROACHES ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.2.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................................... 51 3.2.3 APPLICATION EXAMPLES ...................................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.4 MARKET PENETRATION ........................................................................................................................................ 57 3.3 MANAGEMENT APPROACHES .................................................................................................................... 58 3.3.1 SMART GRIDS ....................................................................................................................................................... 58 3.3.2 MICRO GRIDS ....................................................................................................................................................... 62 3.3.3 PROJECTS / EXAMPLES ......................................................................................................................................... 64 3.3.4 RESTRICTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 70 4. Energy Efficiency in Production .................................................................................................................. 72 4.1 MODEL OF SAVING APPROACHES IN FACTORIES ......................................................................................