A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN STATE OF PLAY A THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Attainment of Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Language and Literature By Atika Krusdian Sari 08211144028 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAM ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY 2014 MOTTOS ‘Hai orang-orang yang beriman,jadikanlah sabar dan shalat penolongmu, sesungguhnya Allah beserta orang-orang yang sabar.’ (Q.S Al Baqarah:153) ‘Mimpi adalah kunci untuk kita menaklukan dunia. Berlarilah tanpa lelah sampai engkau meraihnya.’ (Nidji) ‘You can't win until you're not afraid to lose.’ (Bon Jovi) v DEDICATIONS I dedicate this thesis to: my beloved parents, Indriyati and Kuat Krus Adji my beloved brothers, Ilham Yuniansyah and Ardhian Yanuar Tri Adji my best friend, Ibnu Prasetyo Widiyono vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise be to Allah SWT, the Lord of the world, Who does always give me mercy and blessings, without which, I would never have finished this thesis. I would also like to express my deep gratitude to: 1. Dra. Nury Supriyanti, M. A. as my first consultant who has given me her valuable time, knowledge, and guidance with all her patience during the process of writing this thesis; 2. Paulus Kurnianta, M. Hum. as my second consultant who has patiently given me knowledge, guidance, and support throughout writing this thesis; 3. Andy Bayu Nugroho, M. Hum as my academic consultant and all lectures in the English Language Education Department for their knowledge and guidance during my study; 4. my parents: Kuat Krus Adji and Indriyati for their endless love, prayer, support, and deep understanding; 5. my younger brothers: Ilham Yuniansyah and Ardhian Yanuar Tri Adji who always fill my heart with joy and laughter; 6. my best friend Ibnu Prasetyo Widiyono for giving me his shoulder to cry on, willing to listen to my problems, and giving me encouragement; 7. my extended family: Ibu, mbak Lia, om Harir, Annas, Sasa, Dinda, Ais, and Almarhum Bapak for their support; 8. all friends of Linguistics 2008: Haira, Septi, Sheva, Doni, Bamz, Shanti, Ratih Wija, Vanda, Wani, Hisyam, Widhi, Nanda, Pinda, Ray, and Vuti for coloring my days in campus; 9. members of Kos Pinky on the 3rd floor: Shinta, Selly, Wury, and Anie for the togetherness in Jogja; and 10. all people who have sincerely helped me in finishing this thesis, all of whom I cannot mention one by one. vii Finally, I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect. Therefore, I would gratefully accept any constructive comments and suggestions for the betterment of this thesis. Yogyakarta, May 2014 Atika Krusdian Sari viii 1TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE ..................................................................................................................... i APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................................................ ii RATIFICATION .................................................................................................. iii SURAT PERNYATAAN ........................................................................................ iv MOTTOS .............................................................................................................. v DEDICATIONS ................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLES ...................................................................... xi LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................ xiii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study ........................................................................ 1 B. Research Focus ....................................................................................... 5 C. Formulation of the Problem .................................................................... 7 D. Research Objective ................................................................................. 7 E. Research Significance ............................................................................. 7 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................... 9 A. Literature Review.................................................................................... 9 1. Pragmatics ........................................................................................ 9 2. The Scope of Pragmatics ............................................................... 10 a. Deixis ....................................................................................... 10 b. Presupposition .......................................................................... 11 c. Cooperative Principle .............................................................. 11 d. Implicature ............................................................................... 12 1 ix e. Politeness ................................................................................. 13 f. Speech Acts .............................................................................. 14 3. Context ........................................................................................... 23 4. Film ................................................................................................ 25 B. Previous Research ................................................................................. 32 C. Theoretical Framework ......................................................................... 33 D. Conceptual Framework ......................................................................... 34 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................... 35 A. Type of the Research ............................................................................ 35 B. Form, Context, and Source of Data ...................................................... 35 C. Research Instrument.............................................................................. 36 D. Research Procedure ............................................................................... 37 1. Technique of Data Collection ........................................................ 37 2. Data Analysis ................................................................................. 38 E. Data Trustworthiness ............................................................................ 39 CHAPTER IV. FINDING AND DISCUSSION ................................................. 40 A. FINDINGS .............................................................................................. 40 The Types of Speech Acts Employed by the Main Character in State of Play .................................................................. 40 B. DISCUSSION ......................................................................................... 44 1. The Types of Locutionary Acts Employed by the Main Character in State of Play ................................................................. 44 2. The Types of Illocutionary Acts Employed by the Main Character in State of Play .................................................................. 52 3. The Types of Perlocutionary Acts Employed by the Main Character in State of Play .................................................................. 79 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ................................... 88 A. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................... 88 B. SUGGESTIONS ..................................................................................... 90 x REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 92 APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 95 xi LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLES Figure 1 Analytical Construct……………………………………. 34 Table 1 The Data Sheet of the Data Findings of the Types of Speech Acts Employed by the Main Character in State of Play…………………………………………………... 36 Table 2 Locutionary Acts Employed by the Main Character in State of Play…………………………………………….. 40 Table 3 Illocutionary Acts Employed by the Main Character in State of Play…………………………………………….. 41 Table 4 Perlocutionary Acts Employed by the Main Character in State of Play…………………………………………….. 43 xi LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 The Findings of the Speech Acts Found in State of Play………………………………………………… 95 Appendix 2 Surat Pernyataan Triangulasi……………………… 161 xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS H : Hearer P : Participant S1 : Physical Setting S2 : Psychological Setting T : Topic F : Function D : Declarative In : Interrogative Im : Imperative Rep : Representative Dir : Directive Com : Commissive Exp : Expressive Dec : Declaration xiii A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN STATE OF PLAY By: Atika Krusdian Sari 08211144028 ABSTRACT This research is aimed at describing