Case Study: European Offshore Wind Farms - A Survey for the Analysis of the Experiences and Lessons Learnt by Developers of Offshore Wind Farms - Final Report Final Report Deutsche WindGuard GmbH Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) University of Groningen Gerhard Gerdes Albrecht Tiedemann drs. Sjoerd Zeelenberg Case Study Case Study Contents 1 INTRODUCTION / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................... 1 2 EGMOND AAN ZEE (THE NETHERLANDS) ...................................................... 3 2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 3 2.2 PROJECT PLANNING PHASE .......................................................................................... 6 2.3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................... 15 2.4 LESSONS LEARNT .................................................................................................. 18 3 THORNTON BANK (BELGIUM) .................................................................... 20 3.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 20 3.2 PROJECT PLANNING PHASE ........................................................................................ 23 3.3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................... 30 3.4 LESSONS LEARNT................................................................................................... 30 4 BORKUM WEST (GERMANY) ....................................................................... 32 4.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 32 4.2 PROJECT PLANNING PHASE ........................................................................................ 35 4.3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................... 46 4.4 LESSONS LEARNT................................................................................................... 46 5 BUTENDIEK (GERMANY) ............................................................................ 49 5.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 49 5.2 PROJECT PLANNING PHASE ........................................................................................ 51 5.3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................... 56 5.4 LESSONS LEARNT................................................................................................... 56 6 GREATER GABBARD (UNITED KINGDOM)................................................... 58 6.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 58 6.2 PROJECT PLANNING PHASE ........................................................................................ 60 6.3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................... 68 6.4 LESSONS LEARNT................................................................................................... 68 7 HORNS REV (DENMARK) ............................................................................ 70 7.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 70 7.2 PROJECT PLANNING PHASE ........................................................................................ 74 7.3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PHASE ........................................................................... 86 7.4 LESSONS LEARNT................................................................................................... 93 8 NYSTED (DENMARK) .................................................................................. 96 8.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 96 8.2 PROJECT PLANNING PHASE ........................................................................................ 98 8.3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PHASE ..........................................................................108 8.4 LESSONS LEARNT..................................................................................................116 9 SCROBY SANDS (UNITED KINGDOM) ....................................................... 118 9.1 GENERAL...........................................................................................................118 9.2 PROJECT PLANNING PHASE .......................................................................................121 i Case Study 9.3 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION PHASE .......................................................................... 132 9.4 LESSONS LEARNT ................................................................................................. 135 10 SUMMARY - LESSONS LEARNT ................................................................. 137 10.1 MAIN STEPS IN PLANNING AND REALISATION OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS .................................... 137 10.2 PRE-PLANNING, PROJECT PLANNING, MANAGEMENT AND APPROVAL .......................................... 140 10.3 PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTING .............................................................................. 141 10.4 INSTALLATION AND GRID CONNECTION......................................................................... 142 10.5 ECONOMICS ....................................................................................................... 145 10.6 OUTLOOK FOR FURTHER ACTIVITIES............................................................................. 145 ii Case Study Figures FIGURE 1-1: LOCATIONS OF ANALYSED OFFSHORE WIND FARMS ............................................................. 1 FIGURE 2-1: LOCATIONS OF OFFSHORE WIND FARM EGMOND AAN ZEE (WITHIN TERRITORIAL WATERS) AND Q7-WP (IN EEZ) (SOURCE: OFFSHORE WINDENERGIE 2005A)............................................. 4 FIGURE 2-2: SITE LAYOUT (SOURCE: NOORDZEEWIND 2003A). ............................................................ 5 FIGURE 2-3: TIME SCHEDULE OF THE OWEZ PROJECT......................................................................... 6 FIGURE 2-4: INDICATIVE OVERVIEW OF OWEZ PROJECT ORGANISATION. ................................................... 7 FIGURE 2-5: LAYOUT AND CABLE ROUTE OF OWEZ (SOURCE: NOORDZEEWIND 2003A). ................................ 9 FIGURE 2-6: SITE LOCATION AND OTHER USAGES (SOURCE: NOORDZEEWIND 2002). .................................. 13 FIGURE 2-7: DETAILED SITE LAYOUT (SOURCE: NOORDZEEWIND 2003A). ............................................... 13 FIGURE 2-8: GRID CONNECTION (SOURCE: NOORDZEEWIND 2003A)..................................................... 14 FIGURE 2-9: SVANEN (SOURCE: BALLAST NEDAM INFRA 2005). .......................................................... 15 FIGURE 2-10: ORIGINAL INSTALLATION CONCEPT (SOURCE: BALLAST NEDAM INFRA 2005). ........................... 15 FIGURE 2-11: FOUNDATION INSTALLATION BY SVANEN (SOURCE: BALLAST NEDAM INFRA 2005)...................... 16 FIGURE 3-1: GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE WIND FARM THORNTON BANK............................................. 21 FIGURE 3-2: CLOSER LOOK AT THE WIND FARM AREA. ....................................................................... 22 FIGURE 3-3: MULTRASHIP COMMANDER, USED FOR SITE SCANNING WITH SONAR......................................... 26 FIGURE 3-4: VAGANT JACK-UP PLATFORM USED FOR SOIL INVESTIGATIONS................................................ 26 FIGURE 3-5: DISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT COSTS FOR PHASE 1 AND PHASE 2. .............................................. 28 FIGURE 3-6: INTER-ARRAY CABLING IN THE WIND FARM. THE WIND TURBINES ARE CONNECTED VIA A 30 KV SEA CABLE TO THE OFFSHORE TRANSFORMER STATION. ....................................................... 29 FIGURE 3-7: THE CABLE LANDING WILL BE DONE BY A VERTICAL DRILLING BELOW THE SAND DUNES AT THE SEA COAST. ............................................................................................................ 29 FIGURE 3-8: THE ROUTE OF THE SEA CABLE FROM THE OFFSHORE WIND FARM TO LAND (LEFT) AND FROM THE LANDING POINT TO THE ONSHORE SUBSTATION (RIGHT)...................................................... 30 FIGURE 3-9: THE GRID CONNECTION POINT A THE HIGH VOLTAGE (150KV) SUBSTATION AT SLIJKENS IN BREDENE, OOSTENDE. ....................................................................................................... 30 FIGURE 4-1: THE WIND FARM AREA IS PLANNED OUTSIDE THE 12 SEA MILE ZONE WITHIN THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (AUSSCHLIEßLICHE WIRTSCHAFTSZONE = AWZ) OF GERMANY. THE AREA LIES BETWEEN THE TWO IMPORTANT TRAFFIC SEPARATION ZONES. IN THE PILOT PHASE ONLY 60 MW ARE PLANNED TO BE INSTALLED, IN THE COMPLETION PHASE A TOTAL OF 1000 MW. ..................... 33 FIGURE 4-2: SEVEN DIFFERENT PROPOSALS FOR THE SEA CABLE ROUTES (SOURCE: PROKON NORD). .................. 38 FIGURE 4-3: HEAT DISTRIBUTION AROUND THE AC CABLE PLANNED FOR THE PILOT PHASE (AFTER 450 DAYS, DURING WINTER)................................................................................................. 39 FIGURE 4-4: RESEARCH SHIP VICTOR HENSEN (SOURCE: PROKON NORD). .............................................. 40 FIGURE 4-5: PICTURES FROM SITE SCREENING INVESTIGATIONS (SOURCE: PROKON NORD). .........................