Index Abbe, E., 8 Bacteriochlorophyll, 56 Absorption spectrum spectrum, 57 bacteriochlorophyll, 57 structure, 54 carotenoids, 59 Bacteriopheophytin, 108 chlorophy lis, 55 Barley cytochrome f, 92 chlorophyll b-minus mutant, 246 definition, 83 etioplast, 203 phycobiliproteins, 65 chloroplast development in, 206 Action spectra, 83, 84 thylakoid polypeptides in, 70 Adenine, 148 synthesis, 255 Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), Becher, Johann Joachin, 12 148 Becquerel. Henri, 15 Adenosine 5' -triphosphate (A TP), 86, 111, 114, Black, Joseph, 10 270 Blue-green algae: see Cyanobacteria formation, 101 Blue-light responses, 255 Algal classes, 28 Boyle, Robert, 9 Allophycocyanin, 63 Bundle sheath cells, 29, 125, 126 absorption spectrum, 65 enzyme content, 130 Amino acyl-tRNA synthetases, 176, 191 3-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine (acp' U), C, pathway, 111, 118, 139 179 direction of cycle, 120 o-Aminolevulinic acid, 223, origin, 271 229 C. pathway, 124, 129, 139 synthesis, 224 origin, 272 effect of blue light, 255 regulation by light, 132 regulation, 231 Calvin, Melvin, 16, 111 Anabena cyjindrica, 26 Carbon cycle, 80 Anthocyanins, 67 Carbon dioxide Archaebacteria, 263 atmospheric concentration, 3, Arnon, Daniel. 15, 97 118 oxygenic model, 98 fixation, 112, 127, 129, 133 Atrazine, 89 rates of fixation, 118, 124 Autotrophic, 79 Carbon fluxes in biosphere, 3 Carbon stores, 3 B protein, 89, 240 Carotenoids, 56, 60 CO, binding, 137 absorption spectrum, 59 in vitro synthesis, 179 protective function, 57 site of synthesis, 188, 251 structures, 58 Bacillariophyceae, 25 Cavendish, Henry, 10 Bacon, Francis, 9 Cell cycle, 159, 161 275 276 Chemiosmotic hypothesis, 107 Chloroplast DNA (cont.) Chlamydomonas, 38, 200, 207, 246 molecular weight, 150 INDEX cell cycle, 159, 161, 236 physical maps, 153, 154, 156 chloroplast development, 209, 212, 219, purification, 149 232 syn thesis, 158, 160 chloroplast ribosomal RNA genes, 173, 174 in vitro transcription/translation, 180 deoxyribonucleic acid, 149, 151 Chloroplast development, 204, 206 amount per cell, 151 assays for, 217, 219 methylation, 160, 164 developmental scheme, 202 physical map, chloroplast DNA, 154, 156 in barley, 206 synthesis, 155, 160 in intermittent light, 208 eyespot,60 in Chlamydomonas, 209 inheritance patterns, 157 Chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum, 28, 41, 215 ribosomes, 165 evolutionary significance, 35, 264 ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase Chloroplast envelope, 211 large subunit gene sequence, 183 lipids, 212, 213 small subunit synthesis, 240 polypeptides, 213 small subunit transit sequence, 239 Chloroplast ribosomes, 164 thylakoid polypeptides, 68, 186 polypeptides, 168 in vitro synthesis, 243, 248 ribonucleic acids, 165 Chlorella, 97, 137, 200, 207 size, 165 Chlorobiaceae, 25, 108 subunits, 165 Chlorophyll, 51, 57, 79, 264, 267 Chloroplast/cytoplasmic cooperation, 185, 250 absorption spectra, 55 Chlorosomes, 25 amount per chloroplast, 56, 204 Chorda filum, 32, 33 content in thylakoid membrane, 52 Chromatiaceae, 25 distribution, 52 Chromatophore. 25 function in photosynthesis, 82 development. 216 structures, 54, 227 electron transport in, 107 synthesis, 212, 223 Chromophyta. 21. 25 action spectrum, 256 Chrysophyceae. 25 effect of phytochrome, 254 Codon. 172 regulation, 229 Codon modification, 176 Chlorophyll a, 35, 52, 56, 71 Compensation point, 139 Chlorophyll alb ratio, 205 Complementary chromatic adaption, 66 Chlorophyll b, 35, 52, 54, 56, 72, 264 Complementary DNA (cDNA), 242 synthesis, 233, 246, 254 Coupling factor (CF1 ), 24.67, 69 Chlorophyll c, 35, 52, 54 characteristics. 106 Chlorophyllide, 53, 227 site of synthesis. 188. 251 Chlorophyll-protein complexes, 71 Crabgrass. 126 absorption spectra, 55 Crassulacean acid metabolism. 133. 272 Chlorophyta, 21 Cryptomonas. 41, 42 Chloroplast, 8, 25 Cryptophyceae. 29. 63 characteristics, 28, 265 Curie. Marie and Pierre. 15 evolution, 33, 43, 264, 267 Cyanobacteria. 25. 31. 43. 63. 66, 264. 267. 272 isolation, 49 morphology. 26. 27 morphology Cyclic photophosphorylation, 99. 106 algae, 30, 32, 34, 38, 41 Cysteine synthesis, 142 higher plant, 39, 126, 207 Cytochrome b-559 number per cell, 40 characteristics. 91 size, 39 site of synthesis 188. 251 structure, 20 Cytochrome b-563 (b6). 91 surface charge, 247 Cytochrome b6/f complex, 91 uptake of proteins, 247, 250 Cytochrome f, 69 Chloroplast DNA, 147 absorption spectra. 92 G+C content, 148 characteristics. 90 inheritance pattern, 155 site of synthesis. 188. 251 methylation, 160, 163 Cytosine. 148 Dalton (definition]. 147 Excited states. 83. 85 277 DCMU; see 3-(3.4-dichlorophenyl]-1.1- Eyespot. 37. 60 dimethylurea INDEX Density gradient centrifugation. 49 Fatty acid synthesis. 233 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA] Ferredoxin. 94. 270 amount per chloroplast. 147. 151 characteristics. 94 buoyant density. 149 structure of Fe complex. 93 denaturation. 151 Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. 94 electron micrograph. 150 Ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase. 120 G + C content. 148. 149 Fischer. Hans. 53 methyltransferase. 164 Fluorescence. 83. 219 polymerase. 155 N-Formylmethionyl-tRNA. 190 renaturation kinetics. 152 tRNA sequence. 178 size. 150 Fraction I protein. 74. 75 synthesis. 155 Freeze-fracture. 21. 23. 35 transfer between organelles. 269 2-Deoxyribose. 148 Gamete. 157. 161. 163 2'-Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate. 148 Genetic code. 173. 267 Diacyl trimethyl homoserine. 61. 62 table. 191 Diatoms. 25. 28 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. 227. 229 2.6-Dichlorophenolindophenol. 217 Girdle bands. 28 3-(3.4-Dichlorophenyl]-l.l-dimethylurea. 89. Gleocapsa alpicola. 27 219. 221 Glucose. 48. 111. 115 Differential centrifugation. 48 Grana. 8. 20. 28. 39. 205. 207 Digalactosyl diglyceride. 60. 213 Grew. Nehemiah. 7 structure. 61 Guanine. 148 synthesis. 234 Guericke. Otto von. 9 5.6-Dihydrouridine. 179 Dinoflagellates. 28. 35 Hales. Stephen. 10 4.6-Dioxoheptanoic acid. 224 Hall. Chester Moor. 8 4.5-Dioxovaleric acid. 224 Halobacteria.79 a.a'-Dipyridyl, 232 H+ I ATP ratio. 104 Dutrochet. R. J. H .. 14 H+ lelectron ratio. 103 Helmont. Jan Baptista von. 9 E face. 21. 101. 205 Heme. 54. 56 Electron carriers Heterotrophic cell. 79. 263 functional arrangement. 88 Hooke. Robert. 7 topological arrangement. 95 Hybridization. 166. 170. 171 Electrophoresis Hydrogen peroxide. 124 of chlorophyll-protein complexes. 71 Hyperchromicity. 151 of DNA. 153. 171 of polypeptides. 68. 70. 73. 168. 186. 213. 240. Ingen-Housz. Jan. 14 242. 243. 248 Initiation factors. 190. 193 of RNA. 172 Integral proteins. 68 Electron transport Intersystem crossing. 84. 85 reconstitution. 100 Intervening segment (intron]. 170. 173 sequence of carriers. 88 Isoascorbic acid. 48 Elongation factors. 190. 193 Isoelectric focusing. 69 Emerson enhancement effect. 96 Englemann. T. W .• 15.47 Janssen. Hans and Zaccharius. 7 Etioplast. 29. 201 Joblet. Louis. 8 formation. 200 morphology. 40. 203. 209 Lavoisier. Antoine Laurent. 11. 12 Eubacteria. 263 Leeuwenhoek. Anton van. 7 Euglena. 35. 200. 206. 215 Leghemoglobin. 141 chloroplast DNA map. 156 Levulinic acid. 224 Eukaryotes. 25. 263 Light effect mediator. 120 Evolution. 2. 267 Light energy. 80. 82 278 Light-harvesting chlorophyll alb-protein Ochromonas danica, 200, 206, 207, complex, 72, 205, 218 chloroplast development in, 214, 215 INDEX assembly, 245 morphology, 34, 36 role of chlorophyll b, 246 Oligo[dT)-cellulose, 237 gene sequence, 244 Oxida tion - red uction in vitro synthesis, 242, 243, 248 photochemical reactions, 85 membrane orientation, 245 potentials, 86 phosphorylation, 100 Oxygen, 2, 11 role in grana formation, 204 evolution, 125 synthesis in light, 208 requirement for CO2, 136 regulation by phytochrome, 255 reduction [uptake), 125 Light velocity, 83 source of, 136 Lipid synthesis, 234, 236 Lipoprotein complexes, 21 P face, 21, 25 P680, 88 Maize, 130 P700, 71, 93 o-aminolevulinic acid synthesis, 231 P840, 108 chloroplast DNA map, 156 P870, 109 ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large Paracelsus, 10 subunit gene sequence, 183 Pea Matter, origin, 1 reaction center complexes, 73 Membrane gene sequences stability, 21 chlorophyll alb-binding polypeptide, 244 structure, 20 ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small Menke, W., 19 subunit, 238 Mereshkovsky, C., 272 protein synthesis in isolated chloroplasts, 189 Mesophyll cells, 29, 39, 125 Peptidyl transferase, 193 enzyme content, 130 Peripheral proteins, 67 morphology, 126 Periplastidal compartment, 29, 35 Messenger RNA, 177 Periplastidal reticulum, 29 5-Methylcytosine, 148, 163 Phaeophyceae, 25 7-Methylguanosine, 179 Pheophytins, 56, 98 Methyl viologen, 217 Phenanthrolines, 232 Meyer, A., 8 Phlogiston theory, 12 Microscope development, 7 Photochemical reactions, 82 Mitochondria, 173, 264 Photogene, 156, 179, 189, 240 evolutionary origin, 264 Photorespiration, 137, 138 Mn2+ -protein complex, 89 Photosensitizers, 57, 58 Moh!. Hugo von, 8 Photosynthesis Monogalactosyl diglyceride, 60 efficiency, 81 structure, 61 energy requirements. 80 synthesis, 234 first reaction, 85 magnitude, 3 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD+), overall process, 80, 87 86 quantum yield, 97, 123 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate stoichiometry, 107 [NADP+), 86, 111. 114, 227, 231, 270 Photosynthetic bacteria, 267, 270 Nitrate reductase, 140 ATP synthesis in. 109 Nitrite reductase, 140 electron transport schemes, 107, 108 Nitrogen assimilation, 139 morphology, 26 Nitrogenase, 140 Photosynthetic units, 218, 220 Nitrous air, 11 Photosystem 1, 2, 72, 88. 93, 270 Nucleomorph, 30, 35, 264 assay for, 217 morphology, 41 chlorophyll-protein complexes in. 70, 71. 73 site of synthesis,