September 2, 2006 The rise and fall of the Ben Brush line by Rommy Faversham For much of the first four decades of the twentieth century, the male line of Ben Brush furnished American race cards and winner’s circles with a distinct and continuous supply of equine talent. Designed to perform best in sprints and at middle distances, the line served the evolving racing and breeding industry as a valuable source of speed and durability. During these formative, if not golden, years of racing, there was quite often a Ben Brush in the frame. Ben Brush represented one of three tail-male lines predominating the pedigrees of noted American runners during the first forty plus years of the twentieth century. The triumvirate of Domino, Fair Play and Ben Brush, though quite different in character, all shared similar development during the 1870s, 80s and 90s by the unions of their respective patriarchs with mares descending from the great Lexington. As the once dominant Lexington sire line began to fade into oblivion, essentially consumed by itself, the fortunes of its successors, in particular this new triumvirate, continued to improve. This was described in the “Rise and fall of Lexington’s sire line”, Thoroughbred Times, June 3, 2006. The male line of Ben Brush was initiated by Bonnie Scotland (1853, GB), the well bred son of Iago (GB) and everlasting English matriarch, Queen Mary (GB). Classic-placed in England, Bonnie Scotland was imported to New York in 1857, just months after his half-sister Blink Bonny (GB) had become only the second filly to capture both the Oaks and Derby Stakes at Epsom. Standing at semi-secluded farms in Ohio and Illinois for most of his first 15 years of stud duty, Bonnie Scotland received limited opportunities. One of his first runners of note was Frogtown, a bay colt out of the Lexington mare Ada Cheatham, who lowered the American record for the 1 1/4 mile distance in 1872, bringing about renewed interest in his sire. Interestingly, Frogtown is reported to have been owned by General George Armstrong Custer who, besides his famous military career, was well known as a Turf writer during the post- Civil War era. Custer is said to have later used Frogtown as a cavalry mount sometime prior to his ill-fated Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876. At the age of 19, Bonnie Scotland was moved to legendary Belle Meade Farm, near Nashville, Tennessee, before the start of the 1873 season. Bred to a better and larger collection of mares, he became one of America’s premier stallions. With the deaths of Lexington and *Leamington, Bonnie Scotland emerged as the leading living U.S. sire in 1878-79 as well as the overall leader in 1880 and ‘82. He became particularly consistent as a source of brilliant juveniles, getting a total of five winners of the prestigious Young America Stakes run at the nearby Nashville course. Many of Bonnie Scotland’s best offspring including his champion sons Luke Blackburn, George Kinney and Bramble were campaigned by the celebrated Dwyer Brothers, Philip and Michael, a pair of Brooklyn butchers who became two of the most successful American horse owners of the late 19th century. Lexington-line mares proved to be pivotal in Bonnie Scotland’s success at stud. Fourteen of his 21 stakes winners were out of the daughters of Lexington or his son, former Belle Meade stallion Jack Malone. Bonnie Scotland’s tail-male heir, Bramble, had a granddam sired by Lexington. When Bramble later returned to Belle Meade to replace his deceased sire, the benefits of accumulating Lexington strains continued. Seven of Bramble’s eight stakes winners were inbred to Lexington including his best son, the foundation sire, Ben Brush. After winning his first five races in the Midwest as a two year old, Ben Brush was purchased for a hefty $15,000 by Mike Dwyer who had previously campaigned his sire Bramble when partnered with brother Phil. Ben Brush completed his juvenile season with 13 wins in 16 starts and then made his three year old debut in the 1896 Kentucky Derby winning it by a nose. He raced through the age of four and was considered a champion each of his three seasons. BEN BRUSH With no interest in breeding, Dwyer sold Ben Brush to James R. Keene, owner of Castleton Stud outside of Lexington, Kentucky who was looking for a stallion to help replace the great Domino who had died in 1897 after siring only two crops. At Castleton, under the management of Foxhall Daingerfield, Ben Brush flourished. His third crop of 1901 included champion juvenile and Belmont Stakes winner Delhi as well as the game handicapper Broomstick. In subsequent crops, Ben Brush produced the champions Sweep and Pebbles and led the American Sires’ List in 1909 when Sweep was the nation’s best two year old. Table 1 features the most important representatives of the Ben Brush sire line from Bonnie Scotland to Broomstick and Sweep. BROOMSTICK Young Broomstick changed hands several times before he was secured by eminent breeder Harry Payne Whitney for whom he became a foundation sire. Broomstick’s dam *Elf, by Galliard, had originally been imported from England as a weanling in 1893 by J.R. Keene. In 1900, the unraced mare was bred to Ben Brush (a mating designed by Daingerfield) but subsequently sold for a paltry $250 when veterinarians at Castleton believed her to be barren. The unexpected colt ultimately became part of a ten yearling package put together by his official breeder, Col. Milton Young, and sold to coal magnate Captain Samuel S. Brown. The small, early to mature Broomstick enjoyed a fine racing career under Brown’s silks. At two, he captured the Juvenile, Expectation and Great American Stakes. At three, Broomstick won six of 15 races including the Travers Stakes and the Brighton Handicap, setting a new American mark of 2:02 4/5 for the mile and a quarter - a record time not bested for almost a decade, and then by his own son, Whisk Broom II. After Capt. Brown’s death, H.P. Whitney purchased Broomstick for $7,500 at the former’s dispersal in November of 1908. This on the advice of Whitney’s trainer, Andrew Jackson Joyner, who had already been well pleased with a yearling he had recently broken who hailed from Broomstick’s first crop. Joyner had previously bought the young colt, subsequently named Whisk Broom II, for $2,500 from the Brown estate for the Whitney account. With the prohibitions on racing in New York between 1908 and 1913, Whisk Broom II was sent to England where H.P. Whitney maintained a stable under the trainership of Joyner. There, Whisk Broom II was Classic-placed when found to be several pounds behind the best of his contemporaries. When racing returned to New York at Belmont Park on May 30th, 1913, the six year old Whisk Broom II was there to capture the Metropolitan Handicap. After taking the Brooklyn Handicap, Whisk Broom II completed his racing career by winning the 1 1/4 mile Suburban in a spectacular, but highly controversial official time of 2 minutes - flat. It also marked the first time in one season that a horse had ever annexed this trio of premier events - the so-called Handicap Triple Crown. An injury soon hastened Whisk Broom’s retirement to the Whitney Stud - it, too, soon relocated from New Jersey to outside of Lexington. There, Broomstick and the best of his returning sons filled the paddocks with promising foals, many that ultimately carried the eton blue and brown racing colors of the Whitney family to stakes glory. The second main branch of Ben Brush was established by Sweep, who was raced by his breeder, J.R. Keene and considered the best of his generation. Described by famed New York handicapper W.S. Vosburgh as “a sterling little race- horse”, Sweep won the Futurity at two and the Belmont Stakes and Lawrence Realization at three. After Keene’s death, Sweep was sold for $17,500 at his master’s 1913 dispersal and relocated from Castleton to nearby Glen-Helen Stud. SWEEP Whereas Broomstick (69 SWs from 280 foals) was bred to a relatively small but primarily elite collection of Whitney broodmares, Sweep (48 SWs from 395 foals), marketed at a much lower stud fee, became best known as a successful commercial stallion. Perhaps the better runner, Sweep serviced a much larger annual book of mares than Broomstick, albeit of much lower collective quality. Both Ben Brush stallions became multiple leading U.S. sires, Broomstick from 1913 to 1915 and Sweep in 1918 and 1925. Table 2 is a listing of key representatives from the Broomstick branch of the Ben Brush sire line. Prominent tail- male descendants of Sweep are listed in Table 3. The individual horseman most closely linked with the overall success of the Bonnie Scotland / Ben Brush line was James G. Rowe, Sr., easily one of the greatest trainers in American history. During the late 1870s and 80s, Rowe was responsible for conditioning most of the great champions campaigned by the Dwyer Brothers, including Bonnie Scotland’s best sons, Bramble, Luke Blackburn and George Kinney. After the Dwyer stable broke up, Rowe gained more success when handling the charges of James R. Keene. With Keene, Rowe saddled the majority of Ben Brush’s best offspring including his champion sons Sweep and Delhi. When Keene later died and his bloodstock dispersed, James Rowe accepted the training duties for the prominent H.P. Whitney barn.