The 24 Essential Mode/Chord Structures Modes & Symbols of the Major Scale MAJOR SCALE MODE FORMULA I: MAJOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL I: 1-1(1) – IONIAN ma13 EXAMPLES: In the Key of C: C-C(C) With C as the Root: C-C(C) MAJOR SCALE FORMULA II: MAJOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL II: 2-2(1) – DORIAN mi13 EXAMPLES: In the Key of C: D-D(C) With C as the Root: C-C(Bb) MAJOR SCALE FORMULA III: MAJOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL III: 3-3(1) – PHRYGIAN mi11(b9,b13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of C: E-E(C) With C as the Root: C-C(Ab) MAJOR SCALE FORMULA IV: MAJOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL IV: 4-4(1) – LYDIAN ma13(#11) EXAMPLES: In the Key of C: F-F(C) With C as the Root: C-C(G) MAJOR SCALE FORMULA V: MAJOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL V: 5-5(1) – MIXOLYDIAN 13 EXAMPLES: In the Key of C: G-G(C) With C as the Root: C-C(F) MAJOR SCALE FORMULA VI: MAJOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL VI: 6-6(1) – AEOLIAN mi11(b13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of C: A-A(C) With C as the Root: C-C(Eb) MAJOR SCALE FORMULA VII: MAJOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL VII: 7-7(1) – LOCRIAN mi11(b5,b9,b13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of C: B-B(C) With C as the Root: C-C(Db) Modes & Symbols of the Melodic Minor Scale MELODIC MINOR FORMULA I: MELODIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL I: 1-1(1mm) – MELODIC MINOR mi(ma13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Cmm: C-C(Cmm) With C as the Root: C-C(Cmm) MELODIC MINOR FORMULA II: MELODIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL II: 2-2(1mm) – DORIAN b2 Mi13(b9) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Cmm: D-D(Cmm) With C as the Root: C-C(Bbmm) MELODIC MINOR FORMULA III: MELODIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL III: 3-3(1mm) – LYDIAN AUGMENTED +ma13(#11) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Cmm: Eb-Eb(Cmm) With C as the Root: C-C(Amm) MELODIC MINOR FORMULA IV: MELODIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL IV: 4-4(1mm) – LYDIAN DOMINANT (b7) 13(#11) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Cmm: F-F(Cmm) With C as the Root: C-C(Gmm) MELODIC MINOR FORMULA V: MELODIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL V: 5-5(1mm) – MIXOLYDIAN b6 11(b13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Cmm: G-G(Cmm) With C as the Root: C-C(Fmm) MELODIC MINOR FORMULA VI: MELODIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL VI: 6-6(1mm) – LOCRIAN #2 mi11(b5,b13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Cmm: A-A(Cmm) With C as the Root: C-C(Ebmm) MELODIC MINOR FORMULA VII: MELODIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL VII: 7-7(1mm) – ALTERED SCALE (SUPER-LOCRIAN) alt7 or 7(b9,#9,#11,b13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Cmm: B-B(Cmm) With C as the Root: C-C(Dbmm) Modes & Symbols of the Harmonic Minor Scale HARMONIC MINOR FORMULA I: HARMONIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL I: 1-1(1hm) – AEOLIAN (#7) mi(ma11,b13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Chm: C-C(Chm) With C as the Root: C-C(Chm) HARMONIC MINOR FORMULA II: HARMONIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL II: 2-2(1hm) – LOCRIAN (#6) mi13(b5,b9) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Chm: D-D(Chm) With C as the Root: C-C(Bbhm) HARMONIC MINOR FORMULA III: HARMONIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL III: 3-3(1hm) – IONIAN (#5) +ma13 EXAMPLES: In the Key of Chm: Eb-Eb(Chm) With C as the Root: C-C(Ahm) HARMONIC MINOR FORMULA IV: HARMONIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL IV: 4-4(1hm) – DORIAN (#4) mi13(#11) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Chm: F-F(Chm) With C as the Root: C-C(Ghm) HARMONIC MINOR FORMULA V: HARMONIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL V: 5-5(1hm) – PHRYGIAN (#3) 11(b9,b13) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Chm: G-G(Chm) With C as the Root: C-C(Fhm) HARMONIC MINOR FORMULA VI: HARMONIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL VI: 6-6(1hm) – LYDIAN (#2) ma13(#9,#11) EXAMPLES: In the Key of Chm: Ab-Ab(Chm) With C as the Root: C-C(Ehm) HARMONIC MINOR FORMULA VII: HARMONIC MINOR SCALE MODE SYMBOL VII: 7-7(1hm) – MIXOLYDIAN (#1) mi/o7 [POLYCHORD] EXAMPLES: In the Key of Chm: B-B(Chm) With C as the Root: C-C(Dbhm) Modes & Symbols Symmetrical Scales 1/2 - WHOLE DIMINISHED FORMULA: ½ – w 1/2 – WHOLE DIMINISHED SYMBOL: 13(b9, #9, #11) WHOLE – 1/2 DIMINISHED FORMULA: w – ½ WHOLE – 1/2 DIMINISHED SYMBOL: 07 WHOLE TONE FORMULA: w WHOLE TONE SYMBOL: +9(#11) .