B P Belgian Journal BELGISCHE VERENIGING of Paediatrics VOOR KINDERGENEESKUNDE J SOCIÉTÉ BELGE DE PÉDIATRIE Publication of the Belgian Society of Paediatrics 2020 - Volume 22 - number 4 - December Theme: Obesity Causes and consequences of childhood obesity Genetic forms of obesity Developmental exposure to Bisphenol A : a contributing factor to the increased incidence of obesity ? The interactions between obesity and sleep What about our vulnerable children in the multidisciplinary approach of childhood obesity or overweight? Prenatal, natal and postnatal determinants of childhood obesity A heavy question: how do we approach children with overweight or obesity in 2020? Interdisciplinary overweight outpatient management in pediatrics Inpatient treatment of children and adolescents with severe obesity Physical determinants of weight loss during a residential rehabilitation program for adolescents with obesity Bariatric surgery in adolescents: information for the general pediatrician Articles Recurrent acute event in an infant Progressive pneumonia with pleural effusion and pneumomediastinum as presenting symptom of a hypopharyngeal perforation in a one year old boy Survey about the alcohol consumption by minors in Flemish youth movements Management of arteriovenous malformations in pediatric population: about two cases A rare presentation of congenital spinal dermal sinus Some trainees are more equal than others - The paediatric residency payment gap, as illustrated in a cross-sectional study in Flanders Umbilical Venous Catheter-Related Complications: A Retrospective Study at the University Hospital of Leuven Made in Belgium Unravelling the genetic cause of life-threatening infections in children Paediatric Cochrane Corner Systemic treatments for eczema Belgische Vereniging voor Kindergeneeskunde Société Belge de Pédiatrie QUARTERLY V.U./E.R. S. C. Chantrain (ULB), M. Raes (KUL) ISSN 2466-8907 (printed version) UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven ISSN 2566-1558 (digital version) E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Founding editors Universities Associations L. Corbeel, W. Proesmans G. Buyse (UZ Leuven), MC Seghaye (ULG), A. Bael (VVK) Chief Editors P. Smeesters (ULB), S. Van Daele (UZ Gent) P. Philippet (GBPF) Y. Vandenplas (VUB), S. Moniotte (UCL), S. Verhulst (UZA) C. Chantrain, M. Raes Belgian Academy of Paediatrics ® Associate Editors BVK-SBP Executive Committee A. De Guchtenaere, President NUTRILON PROFUTURA C. Barrea, S. Cadranel, O. Danhaive, M. Raes, President S. Moniotte, vice-president I. Decuyper, S. De Rechter, N. Francotte, F. Smets, Vice-president T. Jonckheer, Secretary ONZE MEEST GEAVANCEERDE FORMULE L. Hoste, L. Panneel, A. Rochtus, Y. Vandenplas, G. Buyse, Secretary P. Philippet, treasurer K. van Hoeve, A. Vuckovic, M. Wojciechowski P. Smeesters, Secretary VOOR DE OVERGANG VAN BORST- NAAR FLESVOEDING D. Dewolf, Treasurer Secretariat A. Malfroot, Past-president OF IN COMBINATIE MET BORSTVOEDING N. Meignen D. Van Gysel, International societies Contents • Editorial 201 • Obituary for Samy Cadranel 202 • Save The Date 203 • In Memoriam 204 HMO’s • Theme: Obesity Onze hoogste hoeveelheid HMO’s Editorial (Human Milk Oligosaccharides) J. Vinckx, M.-C. Lebrethon 209 Causes and consequences of childhood obesity 120 E. Rijckmans, K. Van De Maele, I. Gies 210 JAAR Genetic forms of obesity NUTRICIA V. Beauloye, I. Gies, M. Barea, M. Lannoo, R. Devlieger, E. Dirinck, B. Lembo, D. Vissers, A. Verrijken, J.-P. Thissen, ONDERZOEK ß-PALMITAAT B. Van Der Schueren 214 UIT MELKVETTEN Developmental exposure to Bisphenol A : a contributing factor to the increased incidence of obesity? J. Fudvoye, M.-C. Lebrethon, A.-S. Parent 220 The interactions between obesity and sleep PREBIOTICA K. Van Hoorenbeeck 224 scGOS:lcFOS (9:1) What about our vulnerable children in the multidisciplinary approach of childhood obesity or overweight? N. Baeck, E. Moens, R. Jeannin 226 Prenatal, natal and postnatal determinants of childhood obesity G. Massa 228 POSTBIOTICA A heavy question: how do we approach children with overweight or obesity in 2020? R. Jeannin, S. De Groote, K. Van Hoeck, A. Vandeputte, J. Toelen 234 Interdisciplinary overweight outpatient management in pediatrics OMEGA 3 & 6 S. Moline, J. Fudvoye, A.-S. Parent, C. Waxweiler, A.-C. Dewandre, C. Lagasse, M.-C. Seghaye, M.-C. Lebrethon 240 Inpatient treatment of children and adolescents with severe obesity A. Tanghe, T. Fondelli, M. Van Helvoirt, L. Van Roye, J. Blanckaert, N. Marlein, E. Dupont 244 Physical determinants of weight loss during a residential rehabilitation program for adolescents with obesity G. Mets, G. Marissens, J. Servayge, K. Vandekerckhove, B. Wurth, A. De Guchtenaere 250 Bariatric surgery in adolescents: information for the general pediatrician H. Reusens, K. Leonard, M. Moretti, A. Descamps, L. Wauthier, A.-C. Morere, H. Steyaert 254 • Articles Recurrent acute event in an infant E. Pizzuti, N. Genis, P. Perlot, P. Smeesters, S. Rooze 261 Progressive pneumonia with pleural effusion and pneumomediastinum as presenting symptom of a hypopharyngeal perforation in a one year old boy. A. Heyndrickx, L. Matthyssens, K. Van Renterghem, A. Verrijckt, K. Bonte, R. De Bruyne, M. Van Winckel, S. Vande Velde, S. Van Biervliet 264 Survey about the alcohol consumption by minors in Flemish youth movements ONZE MEEST GEAVANCEERDE M. Papy, J. Toelen 268 FORMULE UIT ONDERZOEK Management of arteriovenous malformations in pediatric population: about two cases A. Remy, J.-J. Kengo, M. Rodesch, M. Maka, B. Lubicz, B. Mine 272 GEÏNSPIREERD OP MOEDERMELK A rare presentation of congenital spinal dermal sinus Geïnspireerd door borst voeding, ontwikkelen de teams D. Blommaert, W. van Herk, R. de Jong, J. Spoor, S. Hammer, S. de Man 274 Some trainees are more equal than others - The paediatric residency payment gap, as illustrated in a van wetenschappers, kinderartsen en voedingskundigen cross-sectional study in Flanders bij Nutricia de meest geavanceerde Nutrilon® formules. L. Hoste, S. Daelemans, L. Dossche, A. De Guchtenaere, A. Bael 278 Nutrilon® Profutura, met ons hoogste gehalte aan HMO´s, Umbilical Venous Catheter-Related Complications: A Retrospective Study at the University Hospital of Leuven E. Exelmans, S. Van Lierde, V. Cossey 282 is speciaal ontworpen voor de overgang naar fl es voeding • Made in Belgium of in combinatie met borstvoeding. Unravelling the genetic cause of life-threatening infections in children G. Bucciol 286 Belangrijk: Borstvoeding is de ideale voeding voor baby’s. Deze informatie is uitsluitend bestemd voor (para)medici. • Paediatric Cochrane Corner V.U.: N.V. Nutricia België – Werkhuizenkaai 160 – 1000 Brussel – 12/2020 Systemic treatments for eczema A. C. Vanhove, T. Bekkering, F. Cools 290 • Editorial Policy 292 199 20-17875 Nut HCP - Profutura insert Percentiel - A4 NL v02.indd 1 16/11/2020 15:42 Editorial Dear colleagues, 2020 has been a very special year and we hope that 2021 will bring us to better horizons. In our editorial of September, we announced that Prof. Samy Cadranel had decided to retire from his role as editor-in-chief of the Belgian Journal of Paediatrics. Together with the entire editorial board we paid tribute to his creativity, his intelligence, his diplomacy and his joviality. On October 8th 2020, before the September edition arrived in your mailboxes, we learned that Professor Cadranel passed away. In addition to an outstanding editor-in-chief, we lose a passionate paediatrician and a friend. Thank you Samy for everything you gave to the journal and to our group. One more time, we express our deep sorrow to Mrs Cadranel and Samy's family. In this issue we publish an In Memoriam on behalf of the board of the BVK/SBP and an Obituary on behalf of the ESPGHAN family. The corona-virus vaccine is knocking on our door. Paediatricians have always been major players in vaccination. Although children have less risk of severe COVID-19 forms and will probably be included later in the vaccination program, we are convinced that pediatricians will play an important role in reassuring and informing parents and families. We hope that the progressive campaign in Belgium and all around the world will help us to return to normal life and to reexperience the joy of being together, with family, friends and colleagues. In this Holiday Season and before a new (we hope, an ultimate) effort, this is our wish for all of us. The core content of the BJP issue is devoted to the theme “ Obesity in childhood”. It was coordinated by Joseph Vinckx (KULeuven) and Marie-Christine Lebrethon (ULg). We thank our guest editors for their very dedicated commitment and all the authors for their remarkable contributions. The causes and consequences of this pathology are reviewed with a particular focus on genetic forms, exposure to bisphenol A and pre and postnatal determinants. The therapeutic approaches of obesity are also discussed. The specificities of inpatient, outpatient as well as bariatric surgery in children are detailed by our Belgian experts . As suggested on our cover designated exclusively by Serge Ernst for the journal, we are sure you will enjoy it ! In addition to these theme articles, we are also pleased to publish clinical cases that were reported by young colleagues in training: recurrent acute event in an infant, hypopharyngeal perforation presenting as progressive pneumonia and pneumomediastinum and rare presentation of congenital spinal dermal sinus. Larger series or studies are also published in this issue. A survey analyses the alcohol consumption