Sri Suyanta, Silfia Ikhlas, Islamic Education at Mughal Kingdom…. AL-TA’LIM JOURNAL, 23 (2), 2016, (128-138) (Print ISSN 1410-7546 Online ISSN 2355 -7893) Available online at http://journal.tarbiyahiainib.ac.id/index.php/attalim Islamic Education at Mughal Kingdom in India (1526-1857) th th th Received:10 May 2015; Revised:10 June 2016; Accepted: 19 July 2016 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v23i2.228 Sri Suyanta Abstract: One of the legacies of Islamic civilization in India was Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda the Mughal dynasty that had encouraged the new revival of the Aceh, Indonesia old and almost drowned civilization. With the presence of this E-mail: [email protected] dynasty, the glory of India with Hindus civilization reappeared. Recorded in the history of Islam, the dynasty was established in Silfia Ikhlas* the middle period. After the mid-over, there appeared three great Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda kingdoms to rebuild the progress of Muslims. Among the major Aceh, Indonesia kingdoms were royal Mughal. The third crown can already be E-mail: [email protected] categorized as a superpower in those days, because the greatness of the kingdom had been able to organize the economic, political *) Corresponding Author as well as military.. Islamic education at this time gained considerable attention. For this purpose, the royal Mughal made the mosque as a place of worship other than as a place of religious learning for the community. The mosque indeed had been provided with scholars who gave various lessons of religious knowledge. In fact, the mosques had also been completed with special rooms for students who wanted to stay for their education. Therefore, almost every mosque developed certain religious sciences with special teachers. Keywords: Islamic education, Mughal empire, India How to Cite: Suyanta, S., & Ikhlas, S. (2016). Islamic education at Mughal kingdom in India (1526-1857). Al-Ta Lim Journal, 23(2). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v23i2.228 INTRODUCTION Understanding education as it is commonly understood today has not been History and education are two found at the time of the Prophet. But the important things that can be used as basis in efforts and activities undertaken by the determining the advance and retreat of a Prophet in delivering the invocation of religion civilization, because with the history we can by preaching, conveying the teachings, giving learn from the past to improve the future, examples, practicing the skills, motivating and whereas with education we can determine the creating a social environment that supports the level of human resources. Islamic education implementation of the idea of an individual has a long history, in the broadest sense; Muslim were the sign of education in the sense Islamic education is growing along with the now. Islam will be directed towards the rise of Islam itself. Therefore, studying the objectives to be achieved, because everything history of education is very important, because has been planned carefully (Arifin, 1991). we can assess how educational progress of our civilization from time to time (Azra, 2001). 128 © 2016 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved. This work is licensed under (CC-BY-SA) 129 | Volume 23, Number 2, July, 2016, Page 128-138 When Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik In the phase of disintegration, the became caliph (86-96 H), Al-Hajjajibn Yusuf Ghaznavids dynasty develop the strength of Thaqafi Ats have instructed Muhammad bin his power in India under the leadership of Al Qasyim to fight against India. So, in 89H, Sultan Mahmud and in the year 1020 AD, he Muhammad was moving towards India and conquered almost all Hindu kingdom in this held siege to the area bordered by Daibal region, as well as to convert the majority of plainly after a devastating war that the region community. After the dynasty Ghaznavids was conquered and established there a destroyed, appear small dynastyes such as the mosque. Muhammad was greeted by a very Mamluks (1206-1290 AD), Khalji (1296-1316 friendly welcome by locals and was welcome AD), Tuglug (1320-1412 AD), and other to enter their city with the promise that they dynasties. would keep peace treaty. Mughal dynasty in India with Delhi as Islamic civilization in India was the capital city, founded by Zahiruddin Babur Mughal. India was a region where Hindu (1482-1530 AD), one of the grandchildren of civilization grew and developed. With the Timurlank, Mongol ruler of Islamic origin presence of the Mughal dynasty, the glory of (Yatim, 1994). Timurlank is a leading last India reappeared. After the mid-over, appeared ruler of Mongolia. He came from the East led three great kingdoms to rebuild the progress of troops in quantities large very with a conquest Muslims. Among the great empire was the for the sake of conquest. No one was ever Mughal dynasty. Because greatness this meet him let life. At that time, Iraq joined in kingdom has been able to master the the region in bow. After the death of economic, political as well as military and able Timurlank, this government weakened and to develop monumental culture (Nasution, split into several sections. Among the leading 1985). authorities Timurid rule after Timurlank is his son Shah Rokh (807-850 H / 1404-1446 AD). Islamic education at the time of the Mughal dynasty in India gained considerable Government Tamerlane vanished attention. The mosque was provided with around the year 907H / 1500 AD, where each scholars who provided a variety of science leader broke away with its own territory. subjects. The mosque had also been provided Descendants of the family Timurlank had with a special room for students who wanted ruled India. They are descendants Zahirudin to stay for their education (Abdullah, 2002). Babur (932 H / 1526 AD). They continued in power defeat British invaders in 1275 H / 1858 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE AD England and replace them with Hindus MUGHAL EMPIRE IN INDIA pagans (Al-Usairy, 2008). Babur was the maiden name of Zaharuddin, which means Mughal dynasty stood a quarter- lion; he was born on Friday February 24 1483. century after the founding of the Safavid His father named Umar Mirza became the kingdom. So among the three major Islamic amir in Fergana, the direct descendant of empires, the kingdom is the youngest. Mughal Miransyah third son of Timurlank. While his Empire is not the first Islamic kingdom in the mother a descendant of Jengkuai, the second Indian subcontinent. Early Islamic power in son of Genghis Khan. Jingiz khan's death in the Indian Territory occurred in the time of 1227 provides an opportunity for Muslims to Caliph Al-Walid, of the Umayyad dynasty. withdraw, while Central Jingiz troops towards The conquest of this region carried out by the China, Russia, and Eastern Europe for looting. army of the Umayyad clan under the For that one of the sons Jingiz has sent a leadership of Muhammad Ibn Qasyim. massive army to Azerbaijan. From there then © 2016 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved. This work is licensed under (CC-BY-SA) Sri Suyanta, Silfia Ikhlas, Islamic Education at Mughal Kingdom … | 130 the Mongolian nation managed to do the and in Afghanistan, faction loyal to the family double attack (Su’ud, 2003). of Ibrahim Lodi raised siblings Ibrahim, became Sultan Mahmud Lodi. Sultan Mahmud At the age of 11 years, Babur lost his Lodi joined the Hindu kings. This time means father and his father's leadership as well as having to deal with the coalition forces, but replaced a very young age. However, he was Babur can still defeat the coalition forces in very brave to look more mature than his age. close combat Gogra 1529 AD but he did not He received training from an early age, long enjoy the fruits of his struggle. He died allowing it to become a warrior and a great on December 26, 1530 AD at the age of 48 ruler (Yatim, 1994). He tried to control after ruling for 30 years. After Babur died, Samarkand which is the most important city Zahirudin Babur succeeded by his son, she Central Asia at the time. The first time he Humayun Nasir (1530-1539M) (Yatim, 1994). experienced defeat to reach his goal. Then, thanks to the help of Ismail I, the Safavid king, Humayun, the eldest son of Babur, in so that in 1494, Babur conquered Samarkand carrying out the government faced many city, and in the year 1504 the conquest of challenges. Throughout the period of the state Kabul, the Afghan capital. Babur of Kabul administration that has been never safe, he has continued expansion into India which at the always fought against the enemy. Among the time was ruled Ibrahim Lodi (Ali, 2003). challenges that emerged was Bahadur Shah, ruler of Gujarat which broke away from Delhi. Ibrahim Lodi (Lodi sultan's grandson), This uprising can be extinguished; Bahadur the last Sultan of Delhi, imprisoned a number Shah fled and Gujarat can be mastered. In of nobles who opposed him. It sparked a battle 1540 AD a battle with Khan in KanaujSyer, in between Ibrahim Lodi by Babur Zahirudin this battle Humayun defeats. He was forced to (grandson Timurlank) in Panipazh (1526 M). flee to Kandahar and then to the Persian Shiite Ibrahim Lodi was killed and his power moved tradition he knows, often persuaded to enter, into the hands of Babur, since that's stood the as well as the son of Jalaluddin Muhammad Mughal dynasty in India, and made the capital Akbar. Here, too, he built a military force that city Delhi. After he died, Zahirudin Babur was had been destroyed, and thanks to the help of replaced by his son.