Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42858-3 — The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution Edited by Giacomo Beccari , Henri M. J. Boffin Frontmatter More Information THEIMPACTOFBINARYSTARSON STELLAR EVOLUTION Stars are mostly found in binary and multiple systems, with at least 50% of all solarlike stars having companions; this fraction approaches 100% for the most massive stars. A large proportion of the stars in these systems interact and alter the structure and evolution of their components, leading to exotic objects such as Algol variables, blue stragglers and other chemically peculiar stars, but also to phenomena such as nonspherical planetary nebulae, supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. While it is understood that binaries play a critical role in the initial mass function, the interactions among binary systems also signifi- cantly affect the dynamical evolution of stellar clusters and galaxies. This interdisciplinary volume presents results from state-of-the-art models and observations aimed at studying the impact of binaries on stellar evolution in resolved and unresolved populations. Serving as a bridge between observational and theoretical astronomy, it is a comprehensive review for researchers and advanced students of astrophysics. giacomo beccari is a staff astronomer at the European Southern Observatory. His work is focused on the study of Blue Straggler stars in Globular Clusters. He is a former winner of the Levi-Montalcini Prize and coauthor of The Ecology of Blue Straggler Stars (2014). henri m. j. boffin is a staff astronomer at the European Southern Observatory. Recently he has shown the importance of binary stars in explaining planetary nebulae, including discovering the binary star of Fleming 1. He pioneered the use of optical interferometry to study mass transfer in symbiotic stars. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42858-3 — The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution Edited by Giacomo Beccari , Henri M. J. Boffin Frontmatter More Information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42858-3 — The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution Edited by Giacomo Beccari , Henri M. J. Boffin Frontmatter More Information CAMBRIDGE ASTROPHYSICS SERIES Series editors: Andrew King, Douglas Lin, Stephen Maran, Jim Pringle, Martin Ward and Robert Kennicutt Titles available in the series 27. RR Lyrae Stars by Horace A. Smith 28. Cataclysmic Variable Stars by Brian Warner 29. The Magellanic Clouds by Bengt E.Westerlund 30. Globular Cluster Systems by Keith M. Ashman and Stephen E. Zepf 33. The Origin and Evolution of Planetary Nebulae by Sun Kwok 34. Solar and Stellar Magnetic Activity by Carolus J. Schrijver and Cornelis Zwaan 35. The Galaxies of the Local Group by Sidney van den Bergh 36. Stellar Rotation by Jean-Louis Tassoul 37. Extreme Ultraviolet Astronomy by Martin A. Barstow and Jay B. Holberg 39. Compact Stellar X-ray Sources edited by Walter H. G. Lewin and Michiel van der Klis 40. Evolutionary Processes in Binary and Multiple Stars by Peter Eggleton 41. The Physics of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Pavel D. Naselsky, Dmitry I. Novikov and Igor D. Novikov 42. Molecular Collisions in the Interstellar Medium, 2nd Edition by David Flower 43. Classical Novae, 2nd Edition edited by M. F. Bode and A. Evans 44. Ultraviolet and X-ray Spectroscopy of the Solar Atmosphere by Kenneth J. H. Phillips, Uri Feldman and Enrico Landi 45. From Luminous Hot Stars to Starburst Galaxies by Peter S. Conti, Paul A. Crowther and Claus Leitherer 46. Sunspots and Starspots by John H. Thomas and Nigel O. Weiss 47. Accretion Processes in Star Formation, 2nd Edition by Lee Hartmann © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42858-3 — The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution Edited by Giacomo Beccari , Henri M. J. Boffin Frontmatter More Information 48. Pulsar Astronomy, 4th Edition by Andrew Lyne and Francis Graham-Smith 49. Astrophysical Jets and Beams by Michael D. Smith 50. Maser Sources in Astrophysics by Malcolm Gray 51. Gamma-ray Bursts edited by Chryssa Kouveliotou, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers and Stan Woosley 52. Physics and Chemistry of Circumstellar Dust Shells by Hans-Peter Gail and Erwin Sedlmayr 53. Cosmic Magnetic Fields by Philipp P. Kronberg 54. The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution by Giacomo Beccari and Henri M. J. Boffin © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42858-3 — The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution Edited by Giacomo Beccari , Henri M. J. Boffin Frontmatter More Information THE IMPACT OF BINARY STARS ON STELLAR EVOLUTION Edited by GIACOMO BECCARI European Southern Observatory HENRI M. J. BOFFIN European Southern Observatory © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42858-3 — The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution Edited by Giacomo Beccari , Henri M. J. Boffin Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108428583 DOI: 10.1017/9781108553070 © Cambridge University Press 2019 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2019 Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Beccari, Giacomo, editor. | Boffin, H. (Henri), 1965– editor. Title: The impact of binary stars on stellar evolution / edited by Giacomo Beccari (European Southern Observatory, Garching), Henri M. J. Boffin (European Southern Observatory, Garching). Description: Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2019. | Series: Cambridge astrophysics series ; 54 Identifiers: LCCN 2018042461 | ISBN 9781108428583 (hardback) Subjects: LCSH: Stars–Evolution. | Double stars. Classification: LCC QB806 .I567 2019 | DDC 523.8–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018042461 ISBN 978-1-108-42858-3 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42858-3 — The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution Edited by Giacomo Beccari , Henri M. J. Boffin Frontmatter More Information Contents List of Contributors page xv Foreword xix Introduction xxiii 1 The Zoo of Binary Stars henri m. j. boffin 1 1.1 Binaries Are Ubiquitous 1 1.2 The Fraction of Binaries 2 1.3 Interacting Binaries 4 1.3.1 Wind Accretion 5 1.3.2 Roche-Lobe Overflow 6 1.3.3 Common Envelope Evolution 7 1.4 Massive Star Interactions and Exploding Events 7 2 Statistics of Binary and Multiple Stars maxwell moe 12 2.1 Observational Techniques 12 2.2 Statistics 14 2.2.1 Binary Fraction and Multiplicity Frequency 14 2.2.2 Period Distribution 15 2.2.3 Mass-Ratio Distribution 18 2.2.4 Eccentricity Distribution 21 2.2.5 Variations with Age, Environment and Metallicity 21 2.3 Implications for Binary Star Formation and Evolution 23 3 Gaia and LSST: Their Importance in Binary Star Research laurent eyer, nami mowlavi, isabelle lecoeur-taibi, lorenzo rimoldini, berry holl, marc audard, simon hodgkin, dafydd w. evans, lukasz wyrzykowsi, george seabroke, andrej prsa,ˇ and dimitri pourbaix 32 3.1 Introduction: The Data Revolution in Astronomy 32 3.2 Gaia and LSST 33 3.2.1 The Gaia Mission 33 vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42858-3 — The Impact of Binary Stars on Stellar Evolution Edited by Giacomo Beccari , Henri M. J. Boffin Frontmatter More Information viii Contents 3.2.2 The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) 35 3.2.3 LSST Data Stream 35 3.3 The Detection of Nonsingle Stars 35 3.3.1 Astrometric Detection of Binaries 36 3.3.2 Spectroscopic Detection of Binaries 37 3.3.3 Photometric Detection of Binaries 37 3.4 The Classification of Binaries 39 3.5 The Characterisation of Binaries 41 3.6 Conclusions 41 4 Population Synthesis of Binary Stars robert g. izzard and ghina m. halabi 45 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Big Data and Big Challenges 46 4.2.1 The Single- and Binary-Star Parameter Spaces 47 4.2.2 Detailed and Synthetic Stellar Models 48 4.3 Stellar Accountancy 49 4.4 Slow and Fast Parameters 52 4.4.1 Fast Parameters 52 4.4.2 Slow Parameters 53 4.5 Matching Models to Observations, and Models to Models 55 4.6 Headline News in Population Synthesis 56 4.7 Not Any Colour You Like . 57 5