ISSN 1554-3439 INTERNATIONAL FIRE SERVICE JOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Volume 7 2013 Journal Team Editor Copy Editor Layout & Design Subscriptions & Permissions Dr. Robert E. England Barbara Adams Ben Brock Coordinator Political Science Department Fire Protection Publications Fire Protection Publications Susan F. Walker DISCLAIMER Oklahoma State University Oklahoma State University Oklahoma State University Fire Protection Publications The International Fire Service Journal of Leadership and Management is an academic Oklahoma State University journal. As such, articles that appear in the journal are “approved” for publication by Production Manager Associate Editor Journal Webmaster two to four anonymous members of the Journal’s Editorial Board and/or ad hoc peer Mike Wieder Ann Moffat Desa Kinnamon reviewers. As editor I do not choose the articles that appear in the journal nor do I edit Fire Protection Publications Fire Protection Publications Fire Protection Publications Oklahoma State University Oklahoma State University Oklahoma State University the content or message of an article once accepted. The copy editor and I only edit for style and readability. Editorial Board The ideas and comments expressed in an article are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to members of the Journal’s production team, Editorial Board, or to the Dr. David N. Ammons Dr. Jeff G. DeGraffenreid Dr. William (BJ) Jetter Dr. Richard L. Resurreccion sponsors of the journal, which are Oklahoma State University (OSU), the International Albert Coates Professor of Fire Chief Fire Chief Sycamore Township (Ohio) Consultant to Training Division Public Administration and Government City of Olathe (KS) Fire Department Professor, University of Cincinnati Long Beach Fire Department Fire Service Training Association (IFSTA), and Fire Protection Publications (FPP). We University of North Carolina at Cincinnati State College Professor Emeritus simply publish that which has been peer approved. If for some reason an article causes Chapel Hill John J. DeIorio, II Occupational Studies Deputy Chief Chief Mark Jones California State University consternation, you, the reader, are urged to contact the author directly to engage in a Ms. Meri-K Appy Ocala (FL) Fire Rescue Brigade Commander Long Beach, California dialogue; that is how academic journals work. An author’s e-mail is provided with each President Buckinghamshire Fire and Rescue Safe Kids USA Dr. Edward T. Dickinson, MD United Kingdom Dr. Kim Coffman-Romero article. Or, if you wish, you can submit a three- to five-page “response” to an article in Washington, DC Professor and Director of Dean of Instruction which you outline significant theoretical and/or methodological objections to an article. The EMS Field Operations Dr. Bill Lowe, EFO & EMT-P Ottawa University Dr. Shawn Bayouth Department of Emergency Medicine Associate Professor of Emergency Phoenix, Arizona response may be accepted for publication. If so, the author will be allowed to offer a three- Assistant Professor & Collaborator Perelman School of Medicine Management to five-page “rejoinder” to the response. This is how academic journals work. For the Iowa State University University of Pennsylvania Jacksonville (AL) State University Dr. Peter Rudloff Fire Chief, Ames, Iowa Assistant Professor most part, however, you should direct your comments directly to the author. Responses Steven T. Edwards Dr. Susan MacManus Political Science and corresponding rejoinders will be rare and will be published at the discretion of the Chief Roxanne V. Bercik Director Distinguished University Professor Oklahoma State University Assistant Chief Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute Department of Government and Journal editor. Journals are intended to stimulate debate and conversation. If you do not Los Angeles Fire Department University of Maryland International Affairs Chief Douglas R. Schrage like what you read, contact the author or write an article for peer review that offers an Professional Standards Division University of South Florida Fire Chief Dr. Anne Eyre University of Alaska (Fairbanks) alternative perspective. Dr. David Billeaux Trauma Training Dr. R. Jeffrey Maxfield Fire Department Professor and Associate Vice-President Coventry Associate Dean for Academic Affairs United Kingdom School of Public Services Dr. Terry Shevels Dr. Robert E. England Texas A&M University at Utah Valley University Chartered Psychologist (CPsychol.) Corpus Christi Dr. Richard B. Gasaway Course Leader MBA Programs Editor Executive Director, Center for the Dr. David P. Milen Newcastle College, MBA Centre Dr. Anthony Brown Advancement of Situational Professor of Public Policy and Sandyford, Newcastle Associate Professor and Director Awareness & Decision Making Administration United Kingdom Fire and Emergency Management Chief Scientist: Public Safety Walden University Program Laboratory Chief Ronald Jon Siarnicki Political Science Dr. Susan Miller Executive Director Oklahoma State University Dr. John A. Granito Assistant Professor, Political Science National Fallen Firefighters Foundation Professor and Vice President University of South Carolina Emmitsburg, Maryland Vivienne Brunsden Emeritus CPsychol CSci State University of New York Dr. Bruce J. Moeller Dr. Qingsheng Wang Head of the Emergency Services Binghamton and Director Assistant Professor Research Unit Fire and Emergency Services Pinellas County (FL) Department of Fire Protection & Safety Nottingham Trent University Consultant Public Safety Services Department of Chemical Engineering United Kingdom Oklahoma State University Craig Hannan Dr. Lori Moore-Merrell Dr. Harry R. Carter Director Assistant to the General President William M. Webb Chairman, Board of Fire Fire Protection Publications International Association of Fire Executive Director Commissioners Oklahoma State University Fighters Congressional Fire Services Howell Township (New Jersey) Washington, DC Fire District # 2 Rowena Hill Michael A. Wieder Senior Lecturer in Psychology Dr. John M. Moschella Associate Editor, International Fire Dr. N. Joseph Cayer Nottingham Trent University Adjunct Professor Service Journal of Leadership and Professor Emeritus United Kingdom Department of Fire Science Management Arizona State University Anna Maria College Associate Director, Fire Protection Jeffrey L. Huber Paxton, MA Publications Dr. Larry R. Collins Public Service Careers Department Executive Director, International Fire Academic Department Chair Fire Science Program Chief (ret.) Christopher Neal Service Training Association Department of Safety, Security, and Lansing (MI) Community College Fire and Public Safety Consultant Oklahoma State University Emergency Management Eastern Kentucky University Dr. Owen E. Hughes Dr. William L. Pessemier Dr. B. E. (Bernie) Williams Dean of Students Director Associate Professor Chief Dennis Compton RMIT University Summit County (CO) Faculty of Management Chairman of the Board of Directors Melbourne, Australia Communications Center University of Lethbridge, Canada Oklahoma State University in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 (Higher Education National Fallen Firefighters Foundation Act) does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin or sex in any of its policies, practices or procedures. This provision includes but is not Dr. Sara A. Jahnke Chief (ret.) William E. Peterson limited to admissions, employment, financial aid and education services. Chief I. David Daniels Fire and Public Safety Consultant Principal Investigator & Director Published in cooperation with Oklahoma State University, Fire Protection Publications, and the International Fire Service Training Association. International Fire Chief/CEO Center for Fire, Rescue, & EMS Health Woodinville (WA) Fire & Rescue Fire Service Journal of Leadership and Management, Copyright © 2007 Board of Regents, Oklahoma State University. All Rights reserved. No part of this Research publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from the publisher. Institute for Biobehavioral Health Research National Development & Research Institutes ng Th di eo il r u y B IFSJLM t o e Im ic p ct act Pra The International Fire Service Journal of Leadership and Management (IFSJLM) is composed of peer-reviewed articles focusing exclusively on fire leadership and management topics. To our knowledge, it is the only academic journal with this focus in the world. IFSJLM is published by Fire Protection Publications (FPP) at Oklahoma State University (OSU). FPP is part of the College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology at OSU and is the leading publisher in the world of fire-related education and training materials. IFSJLM would not be possible without the financial support of the Dean of the College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology and FPP. Their support represents a commitment to the continued professionalization of the American fire service. As a further indication of the support of FPP to the international fire community, all issues of the IFSJLM, except the two most recent years, are available for reading free of cost at the Journal’s website. Please go to http://www.ifsjlm.org/PastEditions.htm to read and/ or download previous issues of the Journal. In this Issue The Dr. Granito Award Dr. John Granito Award for Excellence in Fire Leadership and Management Research . 5 Message from Dr. Robert England................................................ 6 Keynote