UNIVERSITY OF ARTS IN BELGRADE Center for Interdisciplinary Studies UNIVERSITE LUMIERE LYON 2 Facultéd'Anthropologieet de Sociologie UNESCO Chair in Cultural Policy and Management Master thesis working title: THE ROLE OF CLASSICAL MUSIC FESTIVALS - possibilities and outcomes in Serbia today - ULOGA FESTIVALA KLASIČNE MUZIKE - mogućnosti i rezultati u Srbiji danas - Mentor: Student: MajaRistić,PhD Kristina Lukić Belgrade, 2011. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTIONARY CHAPTER ...................................................................... 4 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Main aims of master thesis research ............................................................... 5 1.3 Subject of research ......................................................................................... 6 1.4 Hypothesis ..................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Structure of the thesis and methodological consideration ............................... 7 2 FESTIVALS IN GENERAL ................................................................................. 9 2.1 Festival as cultural manifestation ................................................................... 9 2.2 Festivals, definition and types ...................................................................... 10 2.3 History of the Festivals ................................................................................. 13 2.4 Organization of the festival .......................................................................... 17 3 THE ROLESOF THE FESTIVAL IN MODERN SOCIETY ........................................ 24 3.1 The role of festivals in cultural life ................................................................ 24 3.2 Social impact generated local community ..................................................... 25 3.3 The role of festivals in the creation of cultural identity of the city ................. 28 3.4 The economic role of festivals ...................................................................... 30 3.5 Educational role of festivals .......................................................................... 31 4 FESTIVALS AND CLASSICAL MUSIC ............................................................... 35 4.1 Music as a phenomenon ............................................................................... 35 Page 2 of 63 4.2 Classical music festivals ................................................................................ 35 4.3 Short history of classical music festivals ........................................................ 36 5 FESTIVALS IN FOCUS .................................................................................... 43 5.1 Case study – Bemus Festival ......................................................................... 43 5.2 Case study – Belgrade International Cello Fest .............................................. 47 5.3 Case study - Guitar Art Festival ..................................................................... 50 6 CONCLUSION: THE ROLE OF CLASSICAL MUSIC FESTIVALS IN SERBIA TODAY . 53 6.1 Recommendations ....................................................................................... 55 6.1.1 Recommendations for festivals organization regarding local community .................. 55 6.1.2 Recommendations for festivals in the field of cultural decentralization .................... 56 6.1.3 Festivals as amediators of classical music .................................................................. 57 7 LITERATURE ................................................................................................ 59 8 About the author ........................................................................................ 62 9 APPENDIX I ................................................................................................. 63 9.1 Interview questionnaire ............................................................................... 63 Page 3 of 63 1 INTRODUCTIONARY CHAPTER 1.1 Introduction The paper entitled The Role of classical music festivals In Serbia today represents an attempt to discover and identify what are the main roles of classical music festivals in Serbian society, that is to create a critical summery and gain a clear picture, which will help me to evaluate current situation about classical music festivals and their possibilities and relation with our society. Inspiration to deal with this specific topic in my thesis, I found in the fact that festivals are rapidly becoming one of the most important cultural phenomena on the European cultural scene The role of festivals nowadays is become wider; modern festivals could be an integral part of the cultural life with a deep and serious relationship with the community, they could contribute to creation of a positive image of the city/community, can create a cultural identity of the city, they offer possibilities for economic gain, they can have educational role, may help in intercultural cooperation etc. Therefore, on this occasion I want to investigate how the classical music festivals in our country deal with new development of the festivals and its functions in nowadays society. By reasons of my professional orientation, professor of violoncello and a music devotee, special attention in the analysis of the role of festivals in Serbia today, I will dedicate to educational aspect, because as a future cultural manager I would like to deal with the affirmation of the classical music through education of the society and co-operation with organizations and individuals of the same orientation. My primary goal in doing this thesis is to find some possibilities for more for further development of classical music festivals in this particular field and to suggest some strategies for improving the role of this type of festivals in this society and for this society Page 4 of 63 1.2 Main aims of master thesis research First of all, through my theoretical work, I will try to determine and explain which the main roles of festivals are in a modern society, and then in Serbia. Objectives of the research could be divided into three categories, which provide a better methodological approach, especially in terms of finding answers to core questions and hypothesis of this work. Thus, main objectives could be formulated as descriptive (they provide a theoretical definition of broad research), analytical-explanatory (they determine conditions) and project-modeling (they establish new models for further development of this genre in Serbia). Descriptive goals: • explore how are the festivals originated and how they function, • explore the main roles of festivals in general, • explore how was development of classical music festivals Analytical-explanatory goals: • analysis of development of importance of festivals in cultural, social and educational aspects , trough relevant literature • analysis of development of classical music festivals, through historical approach • analysis of organizational and programme structure of classical music festivals trough case studies (Bemus, Cello Fest and Guitar Art Festival in order to determine how they enrich the cultural life in Serbia, how they contribute to creating the positive image of the city or a country • analysis of organizational and programme structure of classical music festivals trough case studies (Bemus, Cello Fest and Guitar Art Festival in order to determine how they participate in cultural life of a local community and on which way they encourage a stronger the relationship with local community, that is wider audience Page 5 of 63 Project-modeling goals: • Determine current situation of classical music festivals and its roles in cultural life in Serbia • Determine the main lacks and opportunities of this genre in Serbia in this particular field, through case studies of Bemus, Cello Fest and Guitar Art Festival • Suggest a strategies and recommendations for further development of classical music festivals in improving cultural life in our country 1.3 Subject of research The field of research is primary connected to classical music festivals in Serbia and its diverse possibilities in cultural development of our society. Subject of this research also include importance of this type of festivals of their cultural, social and educational role in environment where they held. I will try to give answers on some of these questions which will help me to prove my hypothesis: How the festival fit into the cultural life of the city? How festivals participate in the creation of the cultural identity of the city/region? What are their objectives and strategies for achieving long-term relationship between them and the local community and off course on international level? How important is educational role of the festival and how it manifests? Can they help with issues of cultural decentralization in Serbia? Can they be mediators between classical music and wider audience? Also, in order to prove some of the following hypothesis, my subjects of research will also be three festivals: Bemus, Cello Fest and Guitar Art Festival that will provide me to gain a clear picture of the current situation about classical music festivals and its role in Serbian society. Focus will include analysis of its organizational structure, program orientation, goals and achievements, as well as local and international cooperation and their impact on the cultural life in Serbia. Page