Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Spring 5-15-2020 Building Communities: Interpreting Oneota and Mississipppian Interaction Through Paleoethnobotanical Analysis at the Morton Village Site (11F2), West-Central Illinois Kelsey Olivia Nordine Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Nordine, Kelsey Olivia, "Building Communities: Interpreting Oneota and Mississipppian Interaction Through Paleoethnobotanical Analysis at the Morton Village Site (11F2), West-Central Illinois" (2020). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2225. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/2225 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Anthropology Dissertation Examination Committee: T.R. Kidder, Chair Gayle Fritz Robbie Hart John Kelly Xinyi Liu Jodie O’Gorman Helina Woldekiros Building Communities: Interpreting Oneota and Mississippian Interaction Through Paleoethnobotanical Analysis at the Morton Village Site (11F2), West-Central Illinois By Kelsey Nordine A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2020 St. Louis, Missouri © 2020, Kelsey Nordine Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... VII ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION ................................................................................................... XIII INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................1 COMPARATIVE PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF ONEOTA AND MISSISSIPPIAN PIT FEATURES FROM THE MORTON VILLAGE SITE (11F2), WEST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS .................................................. 20 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 20 ONEOTA DEVELOPMENT AND SITUATING BOLD COUNSELOR WITHIN THE ONEOTA TRADITION ................................. 22 THEORIZING IDENTITY THROUGH FOODWAYS AND MIGRATION ........................................................................... 26 MORTON VILLAGE: ENVIRONMENT AND PREVIOUS RESEARCH ............................................................................ 29 MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................................................................... 31 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 CONTENTS OF PIT FEATURES .......................................................................................................................... 33 Nutshell ............................................................................................................................................... 34 Tropical Cultigens ................................................................................................................................ 36 Eastern Agricultural Complex Crops.................................................................................................... 37 Fruits.................................................................................................................................................... 43 Other Seeds ......................................................................................................................................... 43 Miscellaneous taxa.............................................................................................................................. 44 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................ 45 Methods of Quantification .................................................................................................................. 45 Ratios................................................................................................................................................... 46 Density ................................................................................................................................................. 48 Ubiquity ............................................................................................................................................... 50 Shannon Diversity Index ...................................................................................................................... 51 Morphometric Analysis of Maize ........................................................................................................ 52 INTRA-SITE AND INTER-SITE ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 55 Intra-Site Analysis................................................................................................................................ 56 Inter-Site Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 61 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 65 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 89 NEGOTIATING IDENTITY IN A MIGRANT COMMUNITY: IDENTIFYING FEASTING REMAINS AT THE MORTON VILLAGE SITE (11F2), WEST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS ................................................................. 108 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 108 FOOD, FEASTING, AND IDENTITY ................................................................................................................... 111 RITUAL AND FEASTING ................................................................................................................................ 113 BOLD COUNSELOR ONEOTA AND MORTON VILLAGE: BACKGROUND .................................................................. 123 The Oneota Manifestation and Bold Counselor Phase ..................................................................... 124 The Morton Village Site (11F2) ......................................................................................................... 126 ii SHARED COMMUNITY SPACES AT MORTON VILLAGE: FEASTING AND FEATURE 224 .............................................. 128 PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF FEATURE 224 ....................................................................................... 131 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 131 Results ............................................................................................................................................... 132 FAUNAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................................... 145 DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................................................. 146 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 158 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 164 TOBACCO USE AT MORTON VILLAGE: THE USE OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS TO MAKE SPECIES-LEVEL DETERMINATIONS OF TOBACCOS IN PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH ...... 178 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 178 TOBACCO: BOTANY, HISTORY, AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ................................................................. 182 Botanical Descriptions of Tobacco and its Biochemical Attributes ................................................... 183 History and Distribution of Tobaccos ................................................................................................ 186 Ethnohistoric and Archaeological Narratives of Tobacco Use .......................................................... 190 Identifying Tobacco Use in the Archaeological Record: Pipes, Residues, and Seeds