Durham Rare Plant Register 2011 Covering VC66 and the Teesdale part of VC65 JOHN L. DURKIN MSc. MIEEM BSBI Recorder for County Durham 25 May Avenue. Winlaton Mill, Blaydon, NE21 6SF [email protected] Contents Introduction to the rare plants register Notes on plant distribution and protection The individual species accounts in alphabetical order Site Index First published 2010. This is the 2011, second edition. Improvements in the 2011 edition include- An additional 10% records, most of these more recent and more precise. One kilometre resolution maps for upland and coastal species. My thanks to Bob Ellis for advice on mapping. The ―County Scarce‖ species are now incorporated into the main text. Hieracium is now included. This edition is ―regionally aligned‖, that is, several species which are county rare in Northumberland, but were narrowly rejected for the Durham first edition, are now included. There is now a site index. Cover picture—Dark Red Helleborine at Bishop Middleham Quarry, its premier British site. Introduction Many counties are in the process of compiling a County Rare Plant Register, to assist in the study and conservation of their rare species. The process is made easier if the county has a published Flora and a strong Biological Records Centre, and Durham is fortunate to have Gordon Graham's Flora and the Durham Wildlife Trust‘s ―Recorder" system. We also have a Biodiversity project, based at Rainton Meadows, to carry out conservation projects to protect the rare species. The purpose of this document is to introduce the Rare Plant Register and to give an account of the information that it holds, and the species to be included. It is then hoped that this will act as a stimulus for local botanists to make special efforts to improve the database by recording these species. The register will be used to increase our understanding of the status and distribution of the rare species, and to aid and promote their conservation. This account is based mainly on the "Flora and Vegetation of County Durham", the recording effort that has gone into the Botanical Society of the British Isles "Atlas 2000" project, and the considerable recent survey effort at the Durham Biodiversity Partnership. New records, amendments and updates would be very welcome. Species Covered Two groups of vascular plant species are included. Firstly, the nationally rare species listed in the BSBI/IUCN list. These are classified as ―Critically Endangered‖, ―Endangered‖, ―Near Threatened‖, ―Rare‖, ―Vulnerable‖ and ―Scarce‖. Durham has an exceptionally large number of these, 136 in all, because of the importance of the Teesdale flora. These species are mainly those that were listed in the ―Red Data Book ―and in ―Scarce Plants in Britain‖. These two publications give ecological information on the species covered, which will is not repeated here. Secondly, to cover species of local rather than national importance, a species qualifies as ―locally rare‖ if it has been recorded in three or less sites in the countyor ―locally scarce‖ species with less than 10 sites in the county. This would include about 100 species in Durham. For the purposes of the current edition, I am excluding some casual, hortal and/or introduced species, and some species that have not been recorded for some time. The lists would otherwise, for example, include many long-extinct ballast aliens. ―Critical―species of Taraxacum and Rubus are not included in this edition. A "site" has also been defined as a "Wells" site. A "Wells" site is a floating kilometre square, so that, for example, most of the rare species in Hawthorn Dene have a single Wells site there, even though plants may be on both sides of a kilometre grid line or may be present in two "tetrads". The number of Wells sites gives a better indication of a plant's scarcity. Information Given For all of BSBI/IUCN listed species and for some of the Locally Rare species the following details are given- Common name Scientific Name National Status Local Status Range in Durham Significance of the Durham population. Site Records with location, recorder and year. Protection status of the current sites County map of locations If appropriate for selected species- Photograph of typical local habitat Photograph of plant in local habitat. Geographical Area The Durham Rare Plant Register covers the Watsonian Vice County of Durham, numbered as ―66‖, plus the Teesdale area of VC65. The VC65 area is included because it is now part of the administrative county of Durham, and because the important Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve is bisected by the VC boundary. This nationally important botanical area holds a large proportion of the British populations of a number of Red Data Book species, with most of these occurring on both sides of the Tees. The Upper Teesdale NNR also holds most or all of the English distribution of several species of predominantly Scottish distribution, such as Scottish Asphodel, Alpine Willowherb and Alpine Meadow Rue. Sites in VC65 are indicated as such in the text. Contributors The Register is compiled by John Liam Durkin, from about 500,000 records including many extracted from ―Recorder‖ by Keith Cunningham, from Gordon Graham‘s Durham Flora, from Andy McLay‘s survey of Gateshead district, from contributions from many recorders via the BSBI system, and from other written sources. These records have been compiled into the ―Mapmate‖ recording system. The Alchemilla species notes follow the text of articles written recently by Dr Margaret Bradshaw. Many of the Upper Teesdale records are, of course, also from Dr Bradshaw. Photographs that have no credits are by John Durkin. Several high quality photographs were kindly provided by UKWildflowers.com, and are individually credited. National Categories Critically Endangered 5 Endangered 14 Near Threatened 23 Rare 7 Scarce 50 Vulnerable 34 Total 133 Local Categories Locally rare 36 Locally scarce 75 Total 111 Range Where the range is given as ―Upper Teesdale NNR‖, this means that the entire range in Durham is within the National Nature Reserve. ―Upper Teesdale‖ means Teesdale above Middleton, ―Teesdale‖ means below Middleton. ―Dales‖ means the plant occurs in the west of the county, in Teesdale, Weardale, and/or the Derwent Valley. ―Lowland‖ covers the east of the county. ―Both Limestones‖ means that the plant grows on both the Carboniferous Limestones of the west of the county, and the Magnesian Limestone of the east. Oblong Woodsia, Woodsia ilvensis in Teesdale The Species Accounts; Introduction Text The text is intentionally brief, and usually summarises distribution and highlights any trends. More details of historic records and recorders can be found in the Durham Flora. More details of the biology of these species can be found in the Vascular Plants Red Data Book and in Scarce Plants in Britain. The species are listed in Stace 3 alphabetical order. The Records For each species, a table of the most recent record for each grid reference is given. The grid references vary considerably in definition- most are to the nearest 100m, a few are only to 1 kilometre, and many of the most recent are GPS readings accurate to less than 10 metres. In time, all of the modern records will be at 10 metre accuracy, unless there is a good reason for not publicising this. For most taxa, only records since 1970 are listed. Some of tables are quite large, particularly for Sesleria and for the Alchemillas. The option of excluding these tables in favour of a map and description was rejected. Though they take up a lot of space, they reflect the importance of Durham for rare species. Protected Status of Sites Each row in the tables of records is background coloured according to the protected status of the site- Most of the records are from NNRs and SSSIs, and are uncoloured/white. Local Wildlife Sites, formerly known as County Wildlife Sites or Sites of Nature Conservation Importance, are coloured in green. Sites with no protected status are coloured red, for danger ! There are several uncertainties here. Some records, particularly older ones, could be inside or outside the designated site. For most of the LWSs, there are not easily accessible, up to date boundary maps. LWSs are currently being reviewed by local authorities, so there may be changes in the pipeline. In this first assessment, about 60% of the listed records are in SSSIs/NNRs. Just under 20% are in Local Wildlife Sites, and just over 20% are in sites with no designation. Being within a designated site is not the whole picture for the conservation of a rare species, but it‘s a good start. There are some discrepancies in the protection afforded to different species, and these are highlighted below and in the species accounts. Recorders Some of the recorders‘ names have been abbreviated- CNFC Cleveland Naturalists Field Club DTNFC Darlington and Teesdale Naturalists Field Club DWT Durham Wildlife Trust GGG Rev. Gordon Graham JWHH Professor J W Heslop Harrison NCC Nature Conservancy Council NNU Northern Naturalists Union The Maps Many of the species are mapped at tetrad level. Solid dots are records since 1990, open dots are older records, from all periods. Sometimes this shows quite distinct declines in the distribution of a species- see, for instance, Primula farinosa and Astragalus danicus. In the rare cases of expanding ranges, this is covered in the text. Species with a distribution solely in the west ―NY‖ part of the county or in the eastern part of County Durham are mapped with larger scale maps of the relevant part of the county, and on a one kilometre square basis, again with solid dots showing records since 1990. These maps also show the rivers, reservoirs and land over 600 metres.