INTEGRATING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE TO FACILITATE ENGAGEMENT AND AWARENESS OF WASTE LANDSCAPES by YING CHEN (Under the Direction of Douglas Pardue) ABSTRACT This thesis examines the potential role that landscape architects can play in increasing awareness of waste practices from experiential learning perspectives. My research question asks, how can landscape architecture facilitate experiential learning in waste landscapes? Facing the great waste challenges around urban areas, people start to realize that waste has become an inevitable part of our lives. For the purpose of increasing understanding of waste and engagement in waste landscapes, landscape architecture design is applied to create an integrated design framework with experiential learning. Following case studies and the literature review, a discussion about the availability of conceptual design approaches will take place. INDEX WORDS: Waste, Waste landscape, Landscape architecture, Experiential learning, Experiential learning space, Landscape engagement INTEGRATING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE TO FACILITATE ENGAGEMENT AND AWARENESS OF WASTE LANDSCAPES by YING CHEN Bachelor of Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 2009 Master of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, 2013 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2017 © 2017 YING CHEN All Rights Reserved INTEGRATING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE TO FACILITATE ENGAGEMENT AND AWARENESS OF WASTE LANDSCAPES by YING CHEN Major Professor: Douglas Pardue Committee: Katherine Melcher Pratt Cassity Suki Janssen Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2017 DEDICATION I dedicated my thesis to my parents, who give incredible love and support all the way of my life, and many friends who have constantly encouraged me throughout this process. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express special thanks to my major advisor, Professor Douglas Pardue, who provided constructive comments and guidance through the whole process of writing this thesis. I am grateful to my committee members, Katherine Melcher, Pratt Cassity, and Suki Janssen for their time, assistance, and valuable suggestions. I also like to thank Melissa Tufts for her patience and encouragement when I ask for questions and literature resources. Most of all, I own my thanks for my parents for their love and support in my life. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................1 1.2 Problems ............................................................................................................2 1.3 Purpose and Significance ...................................................................................4 1.4 Delimitation and limitation ................................................................................5 1.5 Research question ..............................................................................................6 1.6 Methodology ......................................................................................................7 1.7 Thesis Structure .................................................................................................8 2 WASTE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN ........................................9 2.1 What is waste? ...................................................................................................9 2.2 Evolution of landscape architecture with waste ...............................................13 2.3 Challenges and opportunities of waste landscape design ................................24 2.4 Landscape architecture design strategies with waste .......................................31 2.5 Summary ..........................................................................................................36 vi 3 EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING AND WASTE LANDSCAPE ...................................37 3.1 Defining experiential learning for outdoor environment .................................37 3.2 Experiential learning and outdoor environment ..............................................39 3.3 Waste landscape related to experiential learning .............................................51 3.4 Key Design aspects related to experiential learning in waste landscape .........54 3.5 Summary ..........................................................................................................56 4 CASE STUDIES ..........................................................................................................58 4.1 Case Studies Introduction ................................................................................58 4.2 Case Studies .....................................................................................................59 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGN APPROACHES ..............................91 5.1 Lessons learned from case studies ...................................................................91 5.2 Conceptual design approaches for experiential learning with waste landscape ........................................................................................95 6 CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................103 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................105 vii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: Principle of physical and psychological aspects for experiential learning spaces .. 47 Table 2: Ways of learning environment from experiences ................................................... 49 Table 3 Challenges and opportunities for design of 27th Avenue Solid Waste Transfer and Recycling Center ........................................................................................................... 65 Table 4: Challenges and opportunities for design of Hiriya Mountain. ............................... 77 Table 5: Challenges and opportunities for design of Lions Park playscape. ........................ 89 Table 6: Case Summaries...................................................................................................... 95 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Inner relationship of concept of waste landscapes .................................................. 5 Figure 2: Thesis Methodology ................................................................................................ 8 Figure 3: Chapter 2 discusses the relationship among waste, landscape and design ............ 10 Figure 4: Diagram for concepts of waste .............................................................................. 15 Figure 5: Evolution of landscape engagement with waste. ................................................... 16 Figure 6: A The boat ride tour in Paris Sewers. .................................................................... 18 Figure 7: The pushing cart tour in Paris Sewers. .................................................................. 18 Figure 8: Dumps to Park: Parc des Buttes Chaumont and Central Park. .............................. 20 Figure 9 : Waste Art from early art painting, land art to performance art. ........................... 23 Figure 10: Modern transformation of waste landscape ......................................................... 24 Figure 11: Diagram showing connections between the challenges and opportunities for health and safety. .......................................................................................................... 27 Figure 12: Diagram showing the challenges and opportunities of environmental pollution. 29 Figure 13: Diagram of the challenges and opportunities of waste location incompatibility 31 Figure 14: Diagram of the challenges and opportunities of waste identity .......................... 33 Figure 15: The broad framework of landscape approaches to tackling and addressing waste based on challenges and strategies. ............................................................................... 37 Figure 16: Chapter 3 discusses relationship among interaction, waste and landscape. ........ 40 Figure 17: David Kolb’s "Experience Learning Cycle" ....................................................... 43 Figure 18: Multiple dimensions of space for experiential learning ...................................... 45 ix Figure 19: outdoor experiential learning involved with senses ............................................ 50 Figure 20: Design strategies to facilitate experiential learning at waste landscape .............. 57 Figure 21: Case selection ...................................................................................................... 61 Figure 22: Case studies evaluation index.............................................................................