Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 100-106 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.013 Efficacy of New Insecticide Molecules against Major Predatory Insects in Kusmi Lac Savita Aditya and S.P. Singh* Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Raigarh-496001, India Indira Gandhi Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The study was carried out for the assessment of abundance of predatory insects associated K e yw or ds with lac insect Kerria lacca (Kerr) and their management through new insecticide molecule in kusmi lac during July-October 2015-16 and 2016-17. A combination of Kusmi lac, Kerria lacca, Emamectin benzoatate 5 % SG +Carbendazim 50 WP (T ), Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC + 1 Natural enemies of lac crop, New insecticide Carbendazim 50 WP (T2) and Control (T3) was evaluated against the predators of the lac molecule insect. Pesticides application significantly reduced the incidence of major predators Eublemma amabilis Moore and Pseudohypatopa pulverea Mayr in comparison to (T ). Article Info 3 There was a reduction in the population of predatory insects 81.97 per cent in T and 77.78 1 Accepted: per cent T2 respectively over the year. It was seen that the different samples of lac 04 November 2018 collected from different lac growing areas of Chhattisgarh and noted that not a single Available Online: sample was free from the attack of predator Eublemma amabilis Moore and 10 December 2018 Pseudohypatopa pulverea Mayr and appeared as major problem of lac host plants and losses consideration level in most of the areas. Introduction Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and NEH region. Chattisgarh is today the major contributor of Lac is a natural, biodegradable, non-toxic, raw lac followed by Jharkhand. Lac odour less, taste less, hard resin, non-injurious cultivation is one of the important secondary to health and non- timber forest produce sources of income for villagers and this is (NTFP). Lac is one of the most valuable gifts particularly more in the tribal districts. The of nature and only resin of animal origin important lac producing areas in the state are secreted by a tiny scale insect, Kerria lacca Kanker, Korba, Raigarh, Rajnandgaon and (Kerr.) belonging to the family Lacciferidae Bilaspur. On an average around 28 per cent of (Kerriidae), superfamily Coccoidea and order total agriculture income of the households is Hemiptera (Pal, 2009 and Mohanta et al., contributed by lac cultivation (Jaiswal et al., 2012). Lac is an export oriented commodity, 2006), and more than 80 per cent of lac cultivated in the states of Jharkhand, produced in India is exported (Pal et al., 2010; Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Ramani and Sharma, 2010). The lac insect is Odisha, Maharashtra, parts of Uttar Pradesh, prone to attack by insect predators and 100 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 100-106 parasitoids. Among them, two Lepidopteron block design comprising three treatments i.e. predators, Eublemma amabilis Moore T1 [Emamectin benzoatate 5 % SG @ 0.5 ml (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Pseudohypatopa lit-1 + Carbendazim 50 WP @ 3 gm sprayer-1 pulverea Mayr (Lepidoptera: Blastobasidae) at 30 days and 60 days after BLI (Brood lac are key pests causing a loss due to bore into inoculation)], T2[Indoxacarb14.5 % SC @ the lac encrustation where they remain 0.48ml lit-1 + Carbendazim Carbendazim 50 confined while they feed on the lac insects. In WP @ 3 gm sprayer-1 at 30 days and 60 days case of severe infestation, these predators have after BLI] and T3[Control (Lac growers been reported to cause complete crop failure practice i.e. no use of insecticide] with and are severe bottlenecks in introducing lac replicated three times and 10 nos. of women culture in new areas. Predators cause around lac growers. 35 to 40 per cent loss to lac production, while 5 to 10 per cent damage by parasitoids For quantification of predators in lac culture, (Jaiswal et al., 2008). Several management both treated and untreated lac bearing sticks of efforts to reduce the yield loss due to predators 15cm shoot length from each treatment will be and parasitoids range from cultural and collected 15 days after first and second physical (Horn and Page, 2008; Bhattacharya spraying as well as the stage of crop maturity et al., 2006), biological (Bhattacharya et al., (brood harvesting) following the method of 2008; SiMing et al., 2010), and chemical stratified destruction random sampling. The (Singh et al., 2009). Ever since the sample will be kept in 60 mesh nylon net bags Government of India has banned endosulfan, to assess larvicidal action of the insecticides there was a felt need to evaluate newer and on lepidopteron predators (Eublema amabilis safer insecticides for the management of and Pseudohypatopa pulverea) of lac insect. predators and parasitoids of lac insect (Arora The number of living and dead larva as well as et al., 2009). Hence the present research adult moths emerged from the caged samples entitled lac associated major predatory insects will be quantified in terms of predators per 15 and their management through new insecticide cm lac encrustation and percentage reduction molecule in kusmi lac of Chhattisgarh plains. in the incidence of predators will be calculated subsequently. Materials and Methods Untreated value–Insecticide treatment value The study was carried out on kusmi lac for % Reduction of Predators = -------------- x 100 predatory insects associated with lac insect Untreated value Kerria lacca (Kerr) and their management through new insecticide molecule during July- At harvest the yield was recorded kg/tree in October 2015-16 and 2016-17. The each treatment. The comparative increase in experimental site is located on the Northern lac yield and benefit cost ratio (increment lac part of Chhattisgarh and lies at 21°54'N yield and B:C ratio) was calculated by latitude and 83°24' E longitude with an subtracting market value of lac yield in control altitude of 215 m above the mean sea level taking into account the prevailing market price (MSL). The field experiments was conducted of product, input and labor charges. on kusmi lac (Schleichera oleosa) crop with rocking Gator/Foot sprayer and will be Yield of protected treatment – targeted on lac bearing tender twigs to cover Yield of unprotect treatment the lac encrustation with insecticidal spray. Avoidable loss (%) = ---------------------- x 100 The experiment was laid out in randomized Yield of protected treatment 101 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 100-106 Results and Discussion associated lepidopteron predators in lac culture. Efficacy of new insecticide molecules Economic analysis The present study was conducted on E. amabilis Moore and Pseudohypatopa pulverea Economic performance of new molecules Mayr incidence was recorded from randomly against lac predatory insects depicted in selected 15 cm lac sticks of each treatment (Table 2). The results revealed that the higher depicted in table 1. The insecticidal treatments average yield 2.15 q-3 trees and avoidable loss were applied two times, first at 30 days of 49.30 per cent and average net return 17525 brood lac inoculation (BLI) and second 60 Rs. per three (03) in treated trees T1 days of brood lac inoculation (BLI). After first [Emamectin benzoatate 5 % SG @ 0.5 ml lit-1 spray among the treatments on the basis of + Carbendazim 50 WP @ 3 gm sprayer-1] and pooled mean data recorded on 30 DABLI 2.01 q/3 trees average yield with 15570 Rs. indicate T1 [Emamectin benzoatate 5 % SG @ per three (3) trees average net return in treated -1 -1 0.5 ml lit + Carbendazim 50 WP @ 3 gm trees T2 [ Indoxacarb14.5 % SC @ 0.48 ml lit sprayer-1] was recorded least infestation 1.90 + Carbendazim Carbendazim 50 WP @ 3 gm -1 -3 insect / 15 cm lac stick and 1.5 insect / 15 cm sprayer ] as compare to 1.73 q trees average lac stick recorded on 60 DABLI, respectively. yield and 13000 Rs. per three (3) trees average net return in farmer’s practice. The highest The next effective treatment in order of cost benefit ratio (B: C) was obtained in T1 -1 efficacy was T2 [Indoxacarb14.5 % SC @ 0.48 [Emamectin benzoatate 5 % SG @ 0.5 ml lit ml lit-1 + Carbendazim Carbendazim 50 WP @ + Carbendazim 50 WP @ 3 gm sprayer-1] -1 3 gm sprayer ] showed that 2.03 insect / 15 (1:3.43) and (1:3.06) T2 [Indoxacarb14.5 % cm lac stick on 30 DABLI and 1.81 insect / 15 SC @ 0.48ml lit-1 + Carbendazim cm lac stick recorded after 60 DABLI as Carbendazim 50 WP @ 3 gm sprayer-1] in compare to farmers practices T3[Control (Lac treated trees. Application of these insecticides growers practice i.e. no use of insecticide)] not only provides ensured lac production but showed maximum predatory insects/15 cm lac also yielded quality brood lac with no or less stick 4.67 on 30 DABLI and 8.33 on 60 predatory insect infestation and present result DABLI during the year 2015-16 to 2016-17. agreed with the result of Singh et al., (2014). The population of predatory insects was varied After application of effective molecules, the from 1.5 to 8.33 insect / 15 cm of lac stick. increase in the weight of brood lac as well as Regarding per cent reduction of the population scraped lac may be due to less infestation by of E. amabilis and P. pulverea in different the predators and parasitoids. treatments, it varied from 77.78 to 81.97 per cent over control. Among the treatment, T1 Surveillance of lac associated insect fauna [Emamectin benzoatate 5 % SG @ 0.5 ml lit-1 + Carbendazim 50 WP @ 3 gm sprayer-1] was Lac associated insect fauna (Predators/ the best treatment with maximum reduction parasitoid) in various lac growing areas of 81.97 per cent during both the year (Table 2).