SYSTEMATICS Mantispidae (Neuroptera) of Mexico: Distribution and Key to Genera 1 DANIEL REYNOSO-VELASCO AND ATILANO CONTRERAS-RAMOS Instituto de Biologõ´a, UNAM, Departamento de Zoologõ´a, Apdo. Postal 70-153, 04510 Me´xico, D.F., Mexico Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 101(4): 703Ð712 (2008) ABSTRACT Adult specimens of the Mexican Mantispidae were recorded from the Coleccio´ n Nacional de Insectos, Universidad Nacional Auto´ noma de Me´ xico, and from Coleccio´ n Entomo- lo´ gica del Centro de Estudios en Zoologõ´a, Universidad de Guadalajara, as well as from the literature. Specimens examined (n ϭ 270) represented three subfamilies, 11 species from nine genera, and Þve morphospecies. Our studies reveal 23 species from Mexico. Distribution records are presented by country and province, as well as by locality. Six species are recorded as new state records. An illustrated key to the genera of Mexican Mantispidae is provided, as well as a list of pertinent taxonomic literature for species identiÞcation. Species richness of Mexican Mantispidae is generally discussed. KEY WORDS Neuroptera, Mantispidae, species list, Mexico The family Mantispidae belongs to the order Neu- considered. Because all of this, we decided to start roptera (Aspo¨ ck et al. 2001). Adults of this family work on Mexican mantispids by studying the spec- are known as mantid ßies, as they resemble praying imens placed in two important insect collections in mantises (Mantodea) because of the convergent Mexico. Our goal has been to update the basic characters of an elongate prothorax and raptorial knowledge on Mexican mantispids by identifying forelegs (Figs. 1 and 2; Redborg 1998). This family and recording species represented in Mexican col- comprises four subfamilies: Symphrasinae, lections and from previous literature, providing a Drepanicinae, Calomantispinae, and Mantispinae, current species list, as well as a key to genera to fa- of which Drepanicinae is absent from Mexico (Lam- cilitate an introduction to the study of this bkin 1986). group. Mantispidae is cosmopolitan in tropical and tem- perate regions, but it is most diverse and abundant in the tropics (Oswald et al. 2002). More speciÞcally, Symphrasinae is distributed from southwestern Materials and Methods United States to Argentina, Drepanicinae is found in For this project, 270 adult specimens of Mantispidae mainland Australia and South America, Calomantispi- were examined from the following collections: UNAM nae is found in eastern Australia (including Tasmania) Coleccio´n Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biologõ´a, and North and Central America, whereas Mantispinae Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Mexico is cosmopolitan with a distribution between parallels City (264 specimens) and CZUG Coleccion Entomo- 50Њ N and 45Њ S (Lambkin 1986, Ohl 2004). Based on ´ logica, Centro de Estudios en Zoologõa, Universidad Penny (1977), Hoffman (1992, 2002), and Oswald et ´ ´ al. (2002), the Mexican mantispid fauna contains rep- de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico (six speci- resentatives of three subfamilies, nine genera, and 23 mens). species (including one doubtful species record of Cli- For examination of genitalia, the abdomen was dis- maciella). sected on a previously rehydrated specimen. After Compared with other insect groups, mantispids dissection, the abdomen was treated overnight in 10% have not been collected and studied in a systematic KOH at room temperature. It was then rinsed in dis- way in Mexico. Because of this, knowledge on their tilled water and stored in a glass microvial with glyc- diversity and distribution is limited and fragmented. erin, pinned under the specimen. Genitalia examina- Oswald et al. (2002) pointed out that it is difÞcult to tion was in a petri dish with ethanol; to avoid provide an accurate account of the distribution of movement the abdomen was stabilized with minuten Mantispidae in Mexico due to the scanty records in pins onto a parafÞn bottom. Dissection, identiÞcation, collections. They also mentioned that Mexican man- and illustration were done using an Olympus SZX12 tispids could be much more diverse than actually is stereomicroscope with a drawing tube attachment. Main references for species identiÞcation are listed in 1 Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. Table 1. 0013-8746/08/0703Ð0712$04.00/0 ᭧ 2008 Entomological Society of America 704 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 101, no. 4 Table 1. References useful for species identification of Mexi- can Mantispidae Taxon Selected references Symphrasinae Nava´s Plega banksi Rehn Rehn (1939) Plega dactylota Rehn Rehn (1939), Rice (1987) Plega fratercula Rehn Rehn (1939) Plega fumosa Linsley & Linsley and MacSwain (1955) MacSwain Plega melitomae Linsley & Linsley and MacSwain (1955) MacSwain Plega signata Hagen Rehn (1939) Plega variegata Nava´s Nava´s (1928) Plega yucatanae Parker & Parker and Stange (1965) Stange Trichoscelia banksi Enderlein (1910) Enderlein Trichoscelia tobari Nava´s Nava´s (1914a) Trichoscelia santareni Nava´s Nava´s (1914a), Penny (1982) Calomantispinae Nava´s Nolima praeliator Nava´s Nava´s (1914b), Rehn (1939 Nolima victor Nava´s Nava´s (1914b), Rehn (1939) Mantispinae Leach Hoffman (1992, 2002) in anterior view (Fig. 6); mesoscutal furrow obsolete (Fig. 18); forewing with anterior half pale amber to dark brown (Fig. 14). ................ Climaciella Enderlein 4Ј. Antennal ßagellomeres at midlength of ßagel- lum less than three times as wide as long in anterior view; mesoscutal furrow conspicu- ous (Fig. 19); forewing with anterior half hy- aline .........................5 Figs. 1–2. Habitus of Mantispispidae. (1) Nolima sp. 1. 5(4Ј). Pronotum with prominent setae over entire (2) Plega sp. 2. length in lateral view (Figs. 9 and 11) . 6 5Ј. Pronotum with scattered Þne setae in lateral Key to Genera of Mantispidae of Mexico view, most setae at anterior and posterior ModiÞed from Hoffman (1992, 2002) ends (Fig. 10) ...................8 1. Forelegs each with two pretarsal claws and a 6 (5). Pronotum with most setae arising from dis- median arolium (Figs. 20-21); head with vertex tinct bumps (Fig. 11) ............. domed in frontal view (Fig. 3) .........2 ............ Zeugomantispa Hoffman 1Ј. Forelegs each with one tarsal claw and no aro- 6Ј. Pronotum with most setae arising at level of lium (Fig. 22); head with vertex concave in pronotal surface (Fig. 9) ............7 frontal view (Figs. 4Ð6) ............. 7(6Ј). Forewing with membrane around 1ra-rp and ............. Subfamily Mantispinae, 4 2ra-rp amber to pale brown (Fig. 17); male 2 (1). Pronotum at least twice as long as high in abdomen with long setae emanating from lateral view (Fig. 7); basal tarsomere of pores on anterolateral region of tergites protarsus without lanceolate process (Fig. IV-V; body mostly brown to reddish brown. 21); wing with pterostigmal spot semicir- ............ Xeromantispa Hoffman cular, entirely dark (Fig. 13) ........ 7Ј. Forewing with membrane around 1ra-rp and .....Subfamily Calomantispinae, Nolima 2ra-rp hyaline (Fig. 16); male abdomen with- Nava´s out long setae emanating from pores on ter- 2Ј. Pronotum only slightly longer than high in lat- gites IV-V; body mostly a mixture of yellow eral view (Fig. 8); basal tarsomere of protar- and brown .......Leptomantispa Hoffman sus with lanceolate process (Fig. 20); wing 8(5Ј). Head mostly brown above antennae, with- with pterostigmal spot elongate, dark with out dark transverse stripes beneath an- middle pale (Fig. 12) Subfamily Symphrasi- tennae (Fig. 4); forewing with basal third nae..........................3 of cell 1RA hyaline, membrane around 3(2Ј). Profemur with sub-basal spine (Fig. 20) . 2ra-rp and wing apex usually infuscate ................... Plega Nava´s with brown (Fig. 15) ............ 3Ј. Profemur without sub-basal spine .......... ............ Dicromantispa Hoffman ............... Trichoscelia Westwood 8Ј. Head yellow with transverse brown stripes 4(1Ј). Antennal ßagellomeres at midlength of ßagel- above and beneath antennae (Fig. 5); forew- lum each three or more times as wide as long ing usually with basal third of cell 1RA amber, July 2008 REYNOSO-VELASCO AND CONTRERAS-RAMOS:MANTISPIDAE OF MEXICO 705 Figs. 7–11. Pronotum in lateral view. (7) Nolima sp. 1. (8) Plega sp. 1. (9) Leptomantispa pulchella (Banks). (10) Dicro- mantispa interrupta (Say). (11) Zeugomantispa minuta (F.). membrane around 2ra-rp and wing apex hy- aline ...........Entanoneura Enderlein Species List of Mantispidae of Mexico Figs. 3–6. Head in frontal view. (3) Nolima sp. 1. (4) Dicromantispa interrupta (Say). (5) Entanoneura batesella The list was elaborated based on the works by Hoff- (Westwood). (6) Climaciella brunnea (Say). man (1992) and Oswald et al. (2002), as well as from 706 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 101, no. 4 Figs. 18–19. Mesonotum in dorsal view. (18) Climaciella brunnea (Say). (19) Dicromantispa interrupta (Say). Subfamily Symphrasinae Nava´s Genus Plega Nava´s, 1928 Distribution. Southern United States to Bolivia and Brazil (Hoffman 2002, Ohl 2004). Figs. 12–17. Right forewing. (12) Plega sp. 2. (13) Nolima sp. 1. (14) Climaciella brunnea (Say). (15) Dicromantispa Plega banksi Rehn, 1939 interrupta (Say). (16) Leptomantispa pulchella (Banks). (17) Distribution. MEXICO: Chihuahua, Sinaloa, So- Xeromantispa scabrosa (Banks). nora; USA: AZ (Oswald et al. 2002, Ohl 2004). Plega dactylota Rehn, 1939 specimen records. A few morphospecies are included Distribution. MEXICO: Baja California Sur, Chi-