SOIL SURVEY OF NEW LISKEARD-ENGLEHART AREA REPORT NO. 21 Of THE ONTARIO SOIL SURVEY G3/ X77/3 /~Oy D .5-9 AtltPtllWpS-'F R A! lS Experimental Farm Service, Dominion Department of ,Weal KSAA.~ L Agriculture and the Ontario Agricultural College ~N6L~ifA~y' SOIL SURVEY of NEW LISKEARD-ENGLEHART AREA Timiskaming District Ontario by D. W. Roffman R. E. Wicklund Experimental Farms Service and N. R. Richards Ontario Agricultural College GUELPH, ONTARIO REPORT No. 21 OF THE ONTARIO SOIL SURVEY Experimental Farms Service, Canada Department of Agriculture and the Ontario Agricultural College PREFACE The survey of New Liskeard-Englehart area was completed during the summer of 1952. Other counties and districts surveyed and maps pub- lished are as follows: Norfolk . Map only Elgin . Map only Kent . Map only Haldimand . Map only Welland . Map only Middlesex . Map only Carleton . Map and Report Parts of Northwestern Ontario . Map and Report Durham . Map and Report Prince Edward . Map and Report Essex . Map and Report Grenville. Map and Report Huron . Map and Report Dundas . Map and Report Perth . Map and Report Grey . Map and Report Bruce . Map and Report Peel . Map and Report York . Map and Report Stormont . Map and Report ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Surveys and Mapping Branch supplied the base maps. The final copy of the Soil Map for lithographing was prepared by the Cartographic Section of the Division of Field Husbandry, Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Central Experimental Farm Service, Ottawa. Helpful suggestions pertaining to classification and correla- tion, and assistance in critically reviewing the manuscript came from Dr. P. C. Stobbe, Canada Department of Agri- culture, and others. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . 9 How to Use the Soil Map and Report . _ . 9 PART I -GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA . 11 Location and Area. 11 Principal Towns . 11 Population . 12 Transportation and Markets . 12 PART II-- THE FORMATION OF SOILS OF THE NEW LISKEARD-ENGLEHART AREA . 13 Soil Parent Materials . 13 Natural Forest Vegetation . 16 Climate . 18 Relief . 20 Drainage . 21 PART III-THE CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF SOILS OF THE NEW LISKEARD-ENGLEHART AREA . 25 Soil Type, Soil Series, Phase and Catena . 30 Key to the Soils . 30 WabiSeries . 32 Coutts Series . 34 Moose Series . 34 Dawson Series . 35 Dymond Series . 36 Sutton Bay Series . 37 Elk Pit Series . 38 Henwood Series . 39 Wendigo Series . 41 Mallard Series . 42 Kenabeek Series . 43 Bucke Series . 44 Otterskin Series . 45 Englehart Series . 45 Thwaites Series . 47 Casey Series . 48 Brethour Series . 48 Blanche Series . 49 Pense Series . 50 Falardeau Series . 51 Evanturel Series . 53 Earlton Series . 54 Cane Series . 56 Haileybury Series . 57 Hanbury Series . 60 New Liskeard Series . 61 Milberta Series . 64 Dack Series . 65 McCool Series . 65 Thornloe Series . 66 Muck . 67 Peat . 68 Timiskaming Complex . 68 Brentha Series . 69 PART IV-AGRICULTURAL METHODS AND MANAGEMENT . 70 Soil Management . : . 71 Drainage . 71 Fertility . 72 Erosion . 74 Physical Condition . 75 Land Clearing . 75.