ARHEOLOGIJA I PRIRODNE NAUKE ARCHAEOLOGY AND SCIENCE Center for New Technology Institute of Archaeology Belgrade ARCHAEOLOGY AND SCIENCE 15 2019 Belgrade 2019 Centar za nove tehnologije Arheološki institut Beograd ARHEOLOGIJA I PRIRODNE NAUKE 15 2019 Beograd 2019. Published: Center for New Technology Viminacium Institute of Archaeology Belgrade Kneza Mihaila 35/IV 11000 Belgrade, Serbia e-mail: [email protected] Tel. +381 11 2637191 For the publishers: Miomir Korać Vladimir Miletić Editor-in-chief: Miomir Korać Editorial Board: Roksana Chowaniec, University of Warsaw, Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw Gianfranco Cicognani, Central European Initiative (CEI-ES), Trieste Rosemarie Cordie, Archäologiepark Belginum Eric de Sena - Manhattan College, New York, USA. Snežana Golubović, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Natalia Goncharova, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow Gisela Grupe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Michaela Harbeck, Staatssammlung für Anthropologie und Paläoanatomie, München Lanfranco Masotti, Universita’ di Bologna, Bologna Žarko Mijailović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mathematics, Belgrade Milan Milosavljević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade Dragan Milovanović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade Zoran Obradović, Temple University, Philadelphia Zoran Ognjanović, Mathematical Institute, Belgrade Marco Pacetti, Universita’ Politecnico delle Marche, Ancona Slaviša Perić, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Milica Tapavički-Ilić, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Dejan Vučković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade Zsolt Zolnai, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison Olivera Ilić (secretary), Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade Translation: Aleksandra Goldberger Jelena Vitezović Lecturer: Dave Calcutt Graphic design: Nemanja Mrđić Print: Digital Art Company Beograd Printed in: 500 copies ISSN 1452-7448 Izdavači: Centar za nove tehnologije Viminacium Arheološki institut Beograd Kneza Mihaila 35/IV 11000 Beograd, Srbija e-mail: [email protected] Tel. +381 11 2637191 Za izdavače: Miomir Korać Vladimir Miletić Urednik: Miomir Korać Uređivački odbor: Roksana Hovanjec, Univerzitet u Varšavi, Arheološki institut, Varšava Đanfranko Čikonjani, Centralnoevropska inicijativa (CEI-ES), Trst Rozmari Kordi, Arheološki park Belginum Eric de Sena - Manhattan College, New York, USA. Snežana Golubović, Arheološki institut, Beograd Natalija Gončarova, Moskovski Državni Univerzitet Lomonosov, Moskva Gizela Grupe, Ludvig-Maksimilians-Univerzitet, Minhen Mihaela Harbek, Zbirka za antropologiju i paleoanatomiju, Minhen Lanfranko Masoti, Univerzitet u Bolonji, Bolonja Žarko Mijailović, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Matematički fakultet, Beograd Milan Milosavljević, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Elektrotehnički fakultet, Beograd Dragan Milovanović, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Beograd Zoran Obradović, Univerzitet Templ, Filadelfija Zoran Ognjanović, Matematički institut, Beograd Marko Paćeti, Politehnički univerzitet Marke, Ankona Slaviša Perić, Arheološki institut, Beograd Milica Tapavički-Ilić, Arheološki institut, Beograd Dejan Vučković, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Beograd Zolt Zolnaj, Univerzitet u Viskonsinu - Medison, Medison Olivera Ilić (sekretar), Arheološki institut, Beograd Prevod: Aleksandra Goldberger Jelena Vitezović Lektor: Dejv Kalkat Dizajn i tehničko uređenje: Nemanja Mrđić Štampa: Digital Art Company Beograd Tiraž: 500 primeraka ISSN 1452-7448 Korice: Prednja strana: Kompozicija sa ženskom figurom i stubovima, savremena fotografija ambijenta arheološkog parka Viminacijum (fotografija Nemanja Mrđić) Zadnja strana: “Kompozicija sa ženskom figurom i stubovima”, slika Milene Pavlović Barilli (Galerija Milene Pavlović Barilli) Book cover: Front cover: Subconscious mutual connection of the archetypes and unconscious acts, both well known in surrealism and recognized in the painting “Composition with a Female Figure and Columns” can be also noticed in the ambient of the contemporary building in Viminacium Archaeological Park (photo by Nemanja Mrđić). Back cover: Milena Pavlović Barilli: “Composition with a Female Figure and Columns”, 1933 (reproduction from the Milena Pavlović Barilli Gallery). Contents / sadržaj Rasprave i članci Treatises and Articles Christy Emilio Ioannidou Could a Trireme Transports War Horses: The Misunderstanding Behind the Interpretation of the Ancient Greek Term ἱππαγωγά “Hippagoga”..............9 Manousos Kambouris The Hypaspist Corps: Evolution and Status of the Elite Macedonian In- George Hliopoulos fantry Unit...............................................................................................19 Spyros Bakas Ljubiša Vasiljević Archaeological Testimonies From the Ancient Period Related to the Knowledge and Use of Healing Springs in Eastern Serbia......................31 Olivera Ilić Roman Agriculture: A Case Study From Viminacium and its Surround- ings..........................................................................................................43 Milan Milovanović The Grac – Gornjak Spring Archaeological Site in the Gornjak Gorge.....53 Mirjana Vojvoda Nero Tetradrachm Minted in Alexandria.................................................71 Jelena Anđelković Grašar Milena Pavlović Barilli’s Pictorial Poetics and Viminacium Landsca Emilija Nikolić pe.............................................................................................................77 Predrag Škundrić Implementation and Management of Security Information and Event Man- Vanja Korać agement Tools in Information Systems Through the MSSP Model...........99 Zoran Davidovac Prikazi Reviews Ljubiša Vasiljević Anđelka Putica, Viktorija Uzelac, So-arheo 2012, rezultati zaštitnih ar- heoloških iskopavanja na trasi gasovoda u opštini Sombor (katalog izlo- žbe)........................................................................................................107 Ljubiša Vasiljević Cult and votive monuments in the Roman provinces, Proceedings of the 13th International Colloquium on Roman Provincial Art, Bucharest − Alba Iulia − Constanta...........................................................................111 Guidelines for Submitting Manuscripts for the Periodical Arheologija i Prirodne Nauke (Archaeology and Science).........................................117 7 Ioannidou - Could a Trireme Transports War Horses...(9-18) Archaeology and Science 15 (2019) CHRISTY EMILIO IOANNIDOU UDC 904:359”652”(38) The Association of Historical Studies KORYVANTES Original research article Athens, Greece Received: 1st November 2019 E-mail: [email protected] Accepted: 15th November 2019 COULD A TRIREME TRANSPORTS WAR HORSES: THE MISUNDERSTANDING BEHIND THE INTERPRETATION of the anCient Greek term ἱππαγωγα “hippaGoGa”. ABSTRACT Many scholars argue that the type of ancient Greek ship ἱππαγωγόν ‘hippagogon’ (plur. ἱππαγωγά ‘hippagoga’), during the Classic period, was nothing more than the result of a modified old trireme and that any effort to determine the design of this specific type of vessel has been based solely on this conclusion. However, even if convertible, could a trireme have transported horses? Where is such a testimony written in ancient texts and how could translation possibly disorient a researcher? This paper attempts to shed new light on all the above mentioned potential issues. KEYWORDS: ANCIENT GREEK SHIPS, HORSE TRANSPORTATION BY SEA, HIPPAGOGON, “ἱππαγωγόν”. THE NECESSITY FOR BUILDING an extremely limited number of war horses. This A NEW CLASS OF SHIP FOR limitation removed from the attacker, inter alia, TRANSFERRING WAR HORSES the possibility of mounting a surprise attack on the battlefield.Generally, the ‘hippagogon’ causes The transport of just riders and cavalry was great interest both because it is related to the diffi- one of the most important operational necessities cult task of transporting war horses and secondly of the landing operations of the ancient Greeks. because there is a great lack of sufficient details The construction of ‘hippagogon’1 was a substan- concerning its construction and operation. tial technological development in the shipbuild- ing of the day and was developed according to the requirements of the military conflicts of the time. THE FIRST WRITTEN However, due to limited use and the fact that the REFERENCES OF THE TERM operation of the ‘hippagogon’ vessels presented technological difficulties, several problems arose The first written mention of the term ἱππαγωγά at the tactical level. “hippagoga” comes from Herodotus. In his sixth The ‘ἱππαγωγόν’ during the Classic and Hel- book we read about a programme of the construc- lenistic period could not disembark armoured tion of naval ships that included ‘hippagoga’. That equestrian units ready to enter into battle. She was programme was ordered by the king of Persia, only able to carry individual groups of riders or Darius, to the Greek City States, which were trib- utaries of the Persian Empire (Herodotus: 6, 48). 1 ἱππαγωγό derives from the ancient Greek words: ἵππος (horse) + ἄγω (to conduct, to drive). Also ἱππηγωγό or The same type of ship is again mentioned with ἱππηγό (Stamatakos, 1999: p. 471, Ioannidou, 2014: 94). 9 Archaeology and Science 15 (2019) Ioannidou - Could a Trireme Transports War Horses...(9-18) Fig. 1 Could a trireme transports war horses; humorous collage-photo from Christy E. Ioannidou. regard the campaign against Greece led by Xerx- (Thucydides: 2, 56).