Development of National Flood Protection Plan-IV (NFPP-IV) and Related Flood Protection Plan-IV Studies to Enhance Capacity Building of Federal Flood Commission-FFC Development of National Flood Protection Plan-IV (NFPP-IV) and Related Studies to Enhance Capacity Building of Federal Flood Commission-FFC FLOOD PROTECTION PLAN-IV (Ten Years Plan) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... i LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. v PROJECT ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS .......................................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. ES-1 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Engagement of Consultants and Main Tasks ......................................................................... 1 1.3 Flood Mechanics and History of Floods in Pakistan ............................................................... 2 1.3.1 Flood Mechanics .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3.2 History of Floods .............................................................................................................. 4 1.3.3 Historic Flood Damages ................................................................................................. 11 2 REVIEW OF EXISTING FLOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ................................................... 12 2.1 Review of Previous National Flood Protection Plans ........................................................... 12 2.2 Review of Organizational Role and Responsibilities ............................................................ 13 2.2.1 Federal Flood Commission ............................................................................................ 13 2.2.2 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) ........................................................ 14 2.2.3 Provincial Irrigation Departments ................................................................................... 14 2.2.4 Pakistan Meteorological Department ............................................................................. 15 2.2.5 Water and Power Development Authority ...................................................................... 15 2.2.6 Pakistan Army ................................................................................................................ 15 2.2.7 Pakistan Commissioner for Indus Waters (PCIW) ......................................................... 16 2.2.8 Provincial Relief Organization/Provincial Disaster Management/District Administration Authorities (District Disaster Management Authority) .................................................... 16 2.3 Review of Existing Non-Structural and Structural Measures ................................................ 16 2.3.1 Existing Non-structural Measures .................................................................................. 16 2.3.2 Existing Structural Measures ......................................................................................... 19 2.4 Shortcomings, Constraints and Gaps in Existing Flood Management Practices ................. 22 2.4.1 Shortcomings in Policy and Planning ............................................................................. 22 2.4.2 Shortcomings in Design Flood Limits and Design Criteria ............................................. 22 2.4.3 Limitations in Barrage/Bridge Capacities ....................................................................... 22 2.4.4 Constraints in Flood Early Warning System ................................................................... 22 2.4.5 Financial Limitations and Constraints ............................................................................ 23 2.4.6 Gaps and Lapses ........................................................................................................... 23 3 PLANNING STRATEGY, OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF NFPP-IV ........................................... 23 3.1 National Water Policy ........................................................................................................... 23 3.2 Planning Objective and Goals .............................................................................................. 24 3.3 Planning Strategy.................................................................................................................. 24 NESPAK | DELTARES i Development of National Flood Protection Plan-IV (NFPP-IV) and Related Flood Protection Plan-IV Studies to Enhance Capacity Building of Federal Flood Commission-FFC 4 INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................... 25 4.1 General ................................................................................................................................. 25 4.2 Components of Integrated Flood Management .................................................................... 25 4.3 Non-structural Measures and Future Challenges ................................................................. 26 4.3.1 Watershed Management ................................................................................................ 26 4.3.2 Global Warming .............................................................................................................. 27 4.3.3 Role of Mangla and Tarbela Reservoirs in Flood Mitigation .......................................... 28 4.3.4 Floodplain Mapping and Zoning ..................................................................................... 29 4.3.5 Floodplain Regulations ................................................................................................... 30 4.3.6 Flood Forecasting and Warning ..................................................................................... 30 4.3.7 Strengthening of Rain and River Gauging Network ....................................................... 32 4.3.8 Trans-boundary Water Management ............................................................................. 34 4.3.9 Environmental Management .......................................................................................... 35 4.3.10 Financial Resource Management .................................................................................. 35 4.3.11 Information and Education of Stakeholders ................................................................... 36 4.3.12 Disaster Preparedness ................................................................................................... 36 4.3.13 Flood Insurance .............................................................................................................. 36 4.3.14 Unified Design Criteria for Flood Protection Structures ................................................. 37 4.3.15 Capacity Building of Organizations/Agencies ................................................................ 37 4.4 Structural Measures .............................................................................................................. 38 4.4.1 Dams and Reservoirs ..................................................................................................... 39 4.4.2 Embankments/Bunds, Spurs and Studs ........................................................................ 39 4.4.3 Gabions and Protection/Retaining Walls ........................................................................ 39 4.4.4 Diversions of High flows through Breaching Sections ................................................... 39 4.4.5 Diversion / Escape Channels ......................................................................................... 40 4.4.6 Channel Improvements .................................................................................................. 46 5 FLOOD PROTECTION INVESTMENT PLAN ............................................................................... 49 5.1 General ................................................................................................................................. 49 5.2 Previous Financial Provisions ............................................................................................... 49 5.3 Investment Schedule for NFPP-IV ........................................................................................ 50 5.3.1 Identification, Evaluation and Selection of Flood Protection Schemes .......................... 50 5.3.2 Prioritizing of Schemes and Phasing ............................................................................. 53 5.3.3 Investment Schedule/Plan.............................................................................................. 54 5.4 Description on Investment Categories .................................................................................