Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway Delaware Chapter 3.0 Intrinsic Resource Assessment The following Intrinsic Resource Assessment chapter outlines the intrinsic resources found along the corridor. The National Scenic Byway Program defines an intrinsic resource as the cultural, historical, archeological, recreational, natural or scenic qualities or values along a roadway that are necessary for designation as a Scenic Byway. Intrinsic resources are features considered significant, exceptional and distinctive by a community and are recognized and expressed by that community in its comprehensive plan to be of local, regional, statewide or national significance and worthy of preservation and management (60 FR 26759). Nationally significant resources are those that tend to draw travelers or visitors from regions throughout the United States. National Scenic Byway CMP Point #2 An assessment of the intrinsic qualities and their context (the areas surrounding the intrinsic resources). The Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway offers travelers a significant amount of Historical and Cultural resources; therefore, this CMP is focused mainly on these resource categories. The additional resource categories are not ignored in this CMP; they are however, not at the same level of significance or concentration along the corridor as the Historical and Cultural resources. The resources represented in the following chapter provide direct relationships to the corridor story and are therefore presented in this chapter. A map of the entire corridor with all of the intrinsic resources displayed can be found on Figure 6. Figures 7 through 10 provide detailed maps of the four (4) corridors segments, with the intrinsic resources highlighted. This Intrinsic Resource Assessment is organized in a manner that presents the Primary (or most significant resources) first, followed by the Secondary resources. American Flag in New Castle, DE Most of the Primary resources were also addressed and Source: Andy Nicol documented in earlier corridor research, and many references to this earlier research will be included, including a categorization format that uses a Primary Resource Category (described later). Secondary resources will then be discussed and defined. Secondary resources are important attractors and destinations for the Scenic Byway corridor, though they may not directly reflect the corridor story. The Secondary resources are defined and referenced in a similar manner as the Primary resources with the exception of the Primary Resource categorization. Corridor Management Plan (CMP) - 2012 Page 29 Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway Delaware The Primary resources will be coded in the following Primary Resource Categories: Underground Railroad Sites (U) These sites have verified association between individuals, events, and places with the network of people who assisted fugitive enslave people in their escape to freedom. In addition, these sites are locations that people fled from. Cultural Context Sites (C) Connotes a site or area that is related to broad themes of the Underground Railroad historic context, such as the growth of free black communities and churches, abolitionist Quaker families and meeting houses, slavery, African Americans in the Civil War and others. Commemorative/Interpretive Sites (I) Sites that commemorate specific Underground Railroad events or interpret the general history of the Underground Railroad, including museums and historical markers. Evocative Landscape Site (E) Connotes a site or area that visually evokes the general undisturbed historic landscape of this part of Delaware providing the traveler with an experience as removed as possible from contemporary intrusion. Corridor Management Plan (CMP) - 2012 Page 30 Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway Delaware Network to Freedom Sites The Network to Freedom was established in 1998 by the United States Congress to tell the story of the resistance against the institution of slavery in the United States through escape and flight. The Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway is an important chapter in that story. By defining the Underground Railroad as resistance to enslavement, the Network to Freedom Program focuses attention on the freedom seekers themselves. Common associations with the Underground Railroad include places of enslavement from which escapes occurred, water or overland routes, natural areas such as swamps or caves that were used as hiding places, churches with congregations active in the Underground Railroad (even if they were not used as safe houses), the location of legal challenges to the Fugitive Slave Acts, maroon communities, destination settlements and even locations where the kidnapping of freedom seekers occurred. The definition is intended to be fluid to incorporate and encourage new and original investigations, interpretations, and commemorative activities around the country. The types of sites or elements eligible for inclusion on the Network to Freedom are the same as on the National Register of Historic Places, namely buildings, objects, districts (neighborhoods), landscapes or natural features, or archeological sites. To be nominated to the Network of Freedom any element must have an association to the Underground Railroad that has been verified using professional methods of historical research, documentation, and interpretation. Delaware has the following sites on the Underground Network to Freedom, all of which are located along the HTURB corridor: 1. Appoquinimink Friends Meeting House and Cemetery (Intrinsic Resource #27) 2. Camden Friends Meeting House (Intrinsic Resource #8) 3. Corbit-Sharp House (Intrinsic Resource #28) 4. Delaware Public Archives (Intrinsic Resource #20) 5. Delaware State House (Intrinsic Resource #17) 6. Historical Society of Delaware 7. New Castle Court House (Intrinsic Resource #37) 8. Star Hill Historical Society Museum (Intrinsic Resource #3) 9. The John Dickinson Plantation (Intrinsic Resource #19) 10. The Rocks - Fort Christina State Park (Intrinsic Resource #39) 11. Thomas Garrett Home Site (Intrinsic Resource #46) 12. Tubman Garrett Riverfront Park and Market Street Bridge (Intrinsic Resource #44) 13. Wilmington Friends Meeting House & Cemetery (Intrinsic Resource #48) Throughout this section of the CMP all Network to Freedom sites will be denoted with the following symbol/logo: Corridor Management Plan (CMP) - 2012 Page 31 - HARRIET TUBMAN Camden UNDERGROUND RAILROAD BYWAY Delaware Byway Limit (! Brandywine Valley (! Scenic Byway AÒ Red Clay Valley Scenic Byway AÓ ?Ê !"`$ ! %&b( (!(!(!(!((! White Clay Creek (! (! P E N N S Y L V A N I A State Park Wilmington !"`$ N E W J E R S E Y M A R Y L A N D %&a( New C(!)"astle Lower Susquehanna !"`$ Scenic Byway ?¬ LEGEND INTRINSIC RESOURCES KEY (! Primary Resource " N E W C A S T L E )" ) Secondary Resource C O U N T Y Delaware City Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway Lums Pond (!)" State Park Original HTURB Route (! Basemap Layers Corridor )")" Length Chesapeake Port(! Penn Other Scenic Byways )p Limited Access Highway 97.7 Miles Bay ?Î ?¬ Highway (U.S. and State) Other Major Road Middletown (!!)" )p (! O(dessa )" Source: Delaware DataMIL and TranSystems (! (! ?¹ ?© D M Smyrna Chesapeake Country Bombay Hook E Scenic Byway A National L R Wi)"ldlife Refuge A Y W L Route 9 Coastal Delaware Heritage Scenic Byway A A Cheswold ?¬ N R D E Bay ?¹ Dover K E N T C O U N T Y )" (! Little Creek Wildlife Area (! (! (!(!(!(!(! (!(! (! )")" (! Harriet Tubman Underground Byway Limit Ted Harvey Railroad Byway (Maryland) Wildlife Area (! (! ?± (! (! ³ Sandtown 0 2.5 5 Miles Figure 6: Intrinsic Resources (Project Study Area) K O R E A N V E TE R AN S M E M D O R R S Y IA E L N H N W E Smyrna Y D M C K E E R D ?© D M K R A E I S R E LITTLE C N A S U T L S B T S U ON - ISI ST R DIV AN Y ERM K R C OO D L 20 HARRIET TUBMAN FORREST AVE !(!(1189 ") UNDERGROUND RAR ILROAD BYWAY D E D I S Y A DelawB are 3 B 1 A S Y U Garrisons R H CAMDEN IND SET ?Ç T R Dover O S L A Lake D N EBB Masseys A W AÙ Y O W ?Ç R H K T M Millpond R N 24 T A B O !( . D A L P F E R Y C U R R Route 9 Coastal Heritage U N N D O N E O A I H E V H N D T Scenic Byway A O A U N ³ N J B O E O D S L T Y T S G A FR S R L ON A A T 12 E H N S !( T T S I T 11 D P !( N R O AN B R TH ER N B LV D T LE 13 Cheswold SOU 7 S !( 14 EA !( D 6 10 D !( R ?¬ !( S 9 L O L U !( 8 I T !(!( M L ?¹ H O D 3 C R D C Y 1 S D L U P E . T R R V O S ?¹ S A D O . 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T R L ATE (! 9 W W W 0 0.5 1 ?¹ (!(!(!8 Miles D ³ R L IL M L Camden EL (!3 VO SH LEGEND )h Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway SEE CAMDEN INSET (!15 Intrinsic Resources Key )h Corridor EAST DOVER INSET (! Primary Resource Length ?± ") Secondary Resource B 97.7 Miles A Y S 1 I Resource Map ID D !(24 E D Basemap Layers Dover R 5 D (! R RD Other Scenic Byways LL N GI O OW N Limited Access Highway Y C A NR B 4 HE LE Highway (U.S.