An a1y tic aI Profiles of Drug Substances Volume 13 EDITORIAL BOARD Abdullah A. Al-Badr Klaus Florey Steven A. Benezra Salvatore A. Fusari Rafik Bishara Lee T. Grady Gerald S. Brenner Boen T. Kho Glenn A. Brewer, Jr. Joseph A. Mollica Nicholas DeAngelis James W. Muiison John E. Fairbrother Milton D. Yudis Academic Press Rapid Manuscript Reproduction Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances Volume 13 Edited by Klaus Florey The Squilh Institute for Medical Research New Rriiiiswick, New Jersey Contrilmting Editors Abdullah A. Al-Badr Glenn A. Brewer, Jr. Norman W. Atwater Salvatore A. Fusari Steven A. Benezra Lee T. Grady Rafik Bishara James W. Munson Gerald S. Brenner Compiled tinder the auspices of tlw Pliuriiiaceutical Analysis (ind Control Section APhA Ac(idcmy of Plw t-titcrcentical Scimces ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 1984 (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers) Orlando San Diego New York London Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo COPYRIGHT 0 1984, BY THE AMERICANPHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION ALL RIOHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAQE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Orlando, Florida 52887 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NWI 76X Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Analytical profiles of drug substances. Compiled under the auspices of the Pharmaceutical Analysis and Control Section, Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Drugs--Analysis. I. Florey, Klaus. 11. Brewer, Glenn A. 111. Title: Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Pharmaceutical Analysis and Control Section. [DNLM: 1. Drugs--Analysis--Yearbooks. QV740 AAl A551 RS189.A58 615l.1 70- 187259 ISBN 0-12-260813-5 (V. 13) PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 84 85 86 81 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Affiliations of Editors, Contributors, and Reviewers vii Preface ix Atenolo1 1 Vesna caplar, Zooniinira MokotiC-Milaun, Hrvoje Hofinan, Josip Kuftinec, Franjo KajfeZ, Antun Nagl, and Nikola BlaZeviC Camphor 27 Jaber S. Mossa and Muhoud M. A. Hassan Chloroy uine 95 Molaammad Tariq and Abdullalz A. Al-Badr Cimetidine 127 P. M. G. Bazjin, Alex Post, arid John E. Zarenibo Disopyramide Phosphate 183 Alan Wickinan and Patricia Finnegan Indomethacin 211 Matthew O’Brien, laines McCauley, and Edward Cohen Ketotifen 239 Zvonirnira MikotiC-Mihun, Josip Kuftinec, Hrcoje Hofman, Mladen ZiniC, Franjo Kajfei, and Zlatko MeiC Melphalan 265 L. Valentin Feyns Moxalactam Disodium 305 Leslie J. Lorenz and Patricici N. Thomas V vi CONTENTS Oxyphenbutazone 333 Abdullah A. Al-Badr and Hunieidn A. El-Obeid Pentazocine 36 1 Terry D. Wilson Yhen ytoin 417 Jose Philip, Ira J. Hokoinh, and Snhatare A. Fusnri Pyridoxine Hydrochloride 447 Hassun Y. Aboul-Eneiii and Mohaninied A. Lout$/ Saccharin 487 Muhammad Uppnl Zubnir and Mahinoud M. A. Hnssan Salicylamide 52 1 Salini A. Babhair, Abdullnh A. Al-Buds. and Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein Silver S ulfadiazine 553 Auke Bult and Cees h4. Plug Sulindac 573 Fotios M. Plakogiannis and James A. McCnuley Tetracycline Hydrochloride 597 Syed Laik Ali Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) 655 K. Thonias Koshy and Willianc F. Beyer PROFILE SUPPLEMENTS Tolbu tamide 719 Said E. lbrahiin and Abdullah A. Al-Badr Reserpine 737 Farid j. Muhtadi ERRATUM Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride 767 Cumulative Index 769 AFFILIATIONS OF EDITORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS H. Y. Abod-Enein, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia A. A. Al-Badr, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia S, L. Ali, Zentrallaboratoriuin Deutscher Apotheker e. V., Eschborn, Federal Republic of Germany N. W. Atwater, E. R. Squibb & Sons, Princeton, New Jersey S. A. Babhair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia P. M. G. Bauin, Smith Kline & French Research, Ltd., The Frythe, Welwy11, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom S. A. Benezm, Wellcoine Kesearch Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina W. F. Beyer, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan R. Bishara, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana N. BlaZeuiC, Institute for the Control of Drugs, Zagreb, Yugoslavia G. S. Brenner, Merck Sharp & Dolime Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania G. A. Brewer, Jr.,The Squibl) Institute for Medical Research, New Bruns- wick, New Jersey A. Bult, State University of Leiden, Leiden, The NetherIands V. Cuplnr, Podravka-Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia E. Colzen, bferck Sharp & Dohme Rcscwdi Laboratories, West Point, Penn- sylvania N. DeAngelis, Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania H. A. El-Obeid, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia J. E. Fairbrother, Stiefel Lahratories Ltd., Sligo, Ireland L. V. Feyns, The United States Pharmacopeia, Rockville, Maryland P. M. Finnegan, G. D. Searle and Co., Skokie, Illinois K. Florey, The Squibb Institute for Medical Kesearch, New Brunswick, New Jersey vii ... Vlll AFFILIATIONS OF EDITORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS S. A. Fusari', Warner-Lambert Company, Morris Plains, New Jersey L. T. Grady, The United States Pharinacopeia, Rockville, Maryland M. M.A. Hnssan, King Sad University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia H. Hofinan, Podravka-Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia I.J. Holcomb, Warner-Lambert Research Institute, Morris Plains, New Jersey S. E. Ibrahim, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia F . Kajfei , Podravka- Ins t it u tc , Zagreb , Yugoslavia B. T. Kho, Ayerst Laboratories, Rouses Point, New York K. Thomas Koshy, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan J. Kuftinec, Podravka-Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia L. J. Lorens, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana M. A. Loutfy, King Saud University, Kiyadh, Saudi Arabia J. A. McCauley, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey Z. MeiC, Institute Ruder Boskovii., Zagreb, Yugoslavia Z. MikotiC-Mihun, Podravka-Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia J. A. Mollica, CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Summit, New Jersev J. S. Mossa, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia F. J. Muhtadi, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia J. W. Munson, The Upjohn Company, Kalainazoo, Michigan A. Nagl, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Yugoslavia M. O'Brien, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Penn- sylvania J. Philip, Warner-Lambert Company, Morris Plains, New Jersey F. M. Plakogiannis, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Brooklyn, New York C. M. Plug, State University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands A. Post, Smith Kline & French Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania M. Tariq, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia P. N. Thomas, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana A. Wickman, Searle Laboratories, Skokie, Illinois T. D. Wilson, Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute, Rensselaer, New York M. D.Yudis, Shering-Plough Inc., Bloomfield, New Jersey J. E. Zarembo', Smith Kline & French Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania M. &nit, Podravka-Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia M. U. Zubair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 'Present address: 22625 St. Joan, St. Clair Shores, Michigan 48080. 'Present address: Revlon Health Care Group, Tuckahoe, New York 10707 PREFACE The compilation ofdnnlyticcil Profiles of Drug Szibstunces to supplement the information contained in the official compendia is now a well-established activity. That we are able to publish one voluine per year is a trilxite to the diligence of the editors to solicit articles and even more so to the enthusiastic re- sponse of our authors, an international group associated with pharmaceutical firms, academic institutions, and coinpendial authorities. I would like to ex- press my sincere gratitude to them for making this venture possible. Over the years, we have had queries concerning our publication policy. Our goal is to cover all drug sulxtaiices of medical valiie, and therefire, we have welcomed any papers of interest to an individual contributor. We also have endeavored to solicit profiles of the most useful and used medicines, hut inany in this category still need to be profiled. In the preface to the eleventh voliime, I announced that we would try to supplement previously published profiles with new data. Unfortunately, most of the original contributors are no longer available to undertake this task, and it has proven difficult to find other volunteers. We shall continue to pursue the updating program, but it will not be as comprehensive as originally envisioned. Again, I would like to request those who have found these profiles useful to contribute papers of their own. We, the editors, stand ready to receive such contributions. ix This Page Intentionally Left Blank ATENOLOL Vesna Caplar, ' Zvonimira Mikotid-Mihun, Hrvoje Hofman, Josip Kuftinec, Franjo Kajfei Podravka-I nstitute Zagreb, Yugoslavia Antun Nag1 IJnioerszt!l of Zagreb Zagreb, Yzigoslacia Nikola Blaievid lnstitiite for the Control of Drugs Zagreb, Ytigoslnoin 1. Foreword, History, Therapeutic Category 2 2. Description 2 2. I Name, Formula, Molecular Weight 2 2.2 Appearance, Color, Odor, Taste 2 3. Synthesis 2 4. Physical Properties 5 4.1 Spectra 5 4.2 Solid Properties 15 4.3 Solution Properties 19 5. Methods of Analysis 20 5.1 Elemental Analysis 20 5.2 Titrimetric Determination-Electrochemical 20 5.3 Chromatographic Methods 20 5.4 Determination of Impurities 22 6. Stability-Degradation 22 7. Drug Metabolism. Pharrnacokinetics, Bioavailability 22 8. Identification and Determination in Body Fluids and Tissues