P U B L I C V E R S I O N South Africa Airside Capacity Enhancement Study for Air Traffic Navigation Services Task 2 Report: Technical Analyses Metron Aviation, Inc. 45300 Catalina Court, Suite 101 Dulles, VA 20166 4 March 2013 Mailing and Delivery Address: 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600, Arlington, VA 22209-3901 Phone: 703–875–4357 • Fax: 703–875–4009 • Web site: www.ustda.gov The U.S. Trade and Development Agency The U.S. Trade and Development Agency helps companies create U.S. jobs through the export of U.S. goods and services for priority development projects in emerging economies. USTDA links U.S. businesses to export opportunities by funding project planning activities, pilot projects, and reverse trade missions while creating sustainable infrastructure and economic growth in partner countries. Mailing and Delivery Address: 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600, Arlington, VA 22209-3901 Phone: 703–875–4357 • Fax: 703–875–4009 • Web site: www.ustda.gov ii REVISION HISTORY Internal Document Approval Date Modified By Section, Process # Version # Page(s) and Revision Text Revised History CPS-C011-0113 1.0 14 January 2013 Metron Aviation Initial delivered version CPS-C011-0113 2.0 4 March 2013 Metron Aviation Revised CPS-C011-0113 2.1 30 April 2013 Metron Aviation Minor revisions Mailing and Delivery Address: 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600, Arlington, VA 22209-3901 Phone: 703–875–4357 • Fax: 703–875–4009 • Web site: www.ustda.gov iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 ORGANISATION OF THE TECHNICAL REPORT ................................................................. 1 2 AIRPORT OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................... 3 2.1 FAOR ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 FALE ............................................................................................................................ 6 2.3 FACT ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 COMMON OBSERVATIONS ........................................................................................... 10 3 VALIDATION OF BASELINE OPERATIONAL CAPACITY ...................................................... 11 3.1 INTEGRATED AIRPORT CAPACITY MODEL .................................................................. 11 3.2 INPUT PARAMETERS .................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Weather Data and Runway Configuration ..................................................... 12 3.2.2 Operational Standards and Procedures .......................................................... 12 3.2.3 Runway Occupancy Times and Approach Speeds ........................................ 13 3.2.4 Demand Fleet Mix ......................................................................................... 15 3.3 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.3.1 FAOR Capacity Validation ............................................................................ 16 3.3.2 FALE Capacity Validation ............................................................................. 17 3.3.3 FACT Capacity Validation ............................................................................ 18 4 CANDIDATE CAPACITY ENHANCEMENTS AFFECTING AIRSPACE AND OPERATIONS ........... 21 4.1 DATA LINK (PDC/DCL) ............................................................................................. 21 4.2 DATA LINK (CPDLC) ................................................................................................. 21 4.3 GROUND SURVEILLANCE – TAXIWAYS AND RUNWAYS .............................................. 21 4.4 GROUND SURVEILLANCE – RAMP AREAS AND APRONS .............................................. 22 4.5 WIDE AREA AND SATELLITE-BASED AUGMENTATION SYSTEM .................................. 22 4.6 CAT III APPROACH CAPABILITY ................................................................................ 22 4.7 APPLY MINIMUM AUTHORISED SEPARATION ON FINAL .............................................. 23 4.8 REDUCE MINIMUM SEPARATION TO 3 NM ................................................................... 23 4.9 READINESS FOR IMMINENT DEPARTURE (IMPROVED PILOT REACTION TIMES) ........... 23 Mailing and Delivery Address: 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600, Arlington, VA 22209-3901 Phone: 703–875–4357 • Fax: 703–875–4009 • Web site: www.ustda.gov iv 4.10 DEPARTURE SEQUENCING ........................................................................................... 23 4.11 GROUPING BY WAKE TURBULENCE CATEGORY .......................................................... 23 4.12 MULTIPLE DEPARTURE LINE-UP QUEUES ................................................................... 24 4.13 MULTIPLE INTERMEDIATE DEPARTURE HOLDING POINTS .......................................... 24 4.14 STANDARD (CODED) TAXI ROUTES............................................................................. 24 4.15 PERFORMANCE-BASED STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE.................................... 24 4.16 SPEED CONTROL ......................................................................................................... 24 4.17 ARRIVAL/DEPARTURE BALANCING ............................................................................. 25 4.18 PERFORMANCE-BASED NAVIGATION .......................................................................... 25 4.19 AIRSPACE REVIEW AND REDESIGN ............................................................................. 25 4.20 REVIEW LOW-VISIBILITY OPERATIONS ....................................................................... 25 4.21 DEDICATED APRON (RAMP) CONTROL........................................................................ 26 4.22 INTERSECTION DEPARTURES ....................................................................................... 26 4.23 CONDITIONAL CLEARANCES ....................................................................................... 26 4.24 LIMIT OPERATIONS DURING PEAK PERIODS ................................................................ 26 4.25 LIMIT OPERATIONS OF NON-STANDARD PERFORMANCE ............................................ 26 4.26 SLOT OPTIMISATION ................................................................................................... 27 4.27 CTOT COMPLIANCE ................................................................................................... 27 4.28 TOWER COORDINATOR................................................................................................ 27 4.29 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT COORDINATION .................................................................... 27 5 SPECIFIC AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY ENHANCEMENTS ................................. 28 5.1 FAOR ......................................................................................................................... 29 5.1.1 RETs to RWY03L/21R .................................................................................. 31 5.1.2 Refine Taxiway Echo for RWY 03R and add additional RET to RWY21L . 32 5.1.3 Extended Taxiway Pavement at the End of RWY03L .................................. 35 5.2 FALE .......................................................................................................................... 36 5.2.1 Add Parallel Taxiway Access ........................................................................ 39 5.2.2 Add RETs to RWY 24 for direct access Alpha & Bravo Apron Gates ......... 43 5.3 FACT ......................................................................................................................... 43 5.3.1 By-Pass Taxiways at Runway Thresholds ..................................................... 47 5.3.2 Refinements of Taxiways Charlie and Echo Fillets for Runway Exits .......... 49 Mailing and Delivery Address: 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1600, Arlington, VA 22209-3901 Phone: 703–875–4357 • Fax: 703–875–4009 • Web site: www.ustda.gov v 6 STAKEHOLDER DISCUSSION FRAMEWORK .................................................................... 51 6.1 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ..................................................................................... 51 6.2 DIVERSE STAKEHOLDER INTERESTS ............................................................................ 52 6.3 STAKEHOLDER MATERIAL .......................................................................................... 52 6.3.1 Capacity Enhancements with CAPEX under R20 Million ............................ 53 6.3.2 Capacity Enhancements with CAPEX over R20 Million .............................. 54 6.4 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 54 7 CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS................................................................................. 55 7.1 CONCLUSIONS OF FAOR, FALE, AND FACT BASELINE OPERATIONAL CAPACITY VALIDATION ............................................................................................................... 55 7.2 CONCLUSIONS OF AIRSPACE AND OPERATIONAL CAPACITY ENHANCEMENTS ...........