UNIVERSTY OF ZULULAND THE KWAZULU-GOVERNMENT AND INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY’S RECORD ON CIVIL LIBERTIES IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1990-1994 DERICK NKOSINGIPHILE MYENI REPLUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 2016 THE KWAZULU-GOVERNMENT AND INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY’S RECORD ON CIVIL LIBERTIES IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1990-1994. BY DERICK NKOSINGIPHILE MYENI Dissertation presented in the fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND SUPERVISOR: DR. M Z SHAMASE EXTERNAL EXAMINER: PROF. ADUKARIR ADAM, AMUDU UNIVERSITY, NIGERIA EXTERNAL EXAMINER: PROF. MARY GOEDHALS, UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA THE TABLE OF CONTENTS SOUTH AFRICAN MAP AND CHIEF BUTHELEZI…………………………………..v QUOTATIONS……………………………………………………………………………vi APPROVAL……………………………………………………………………………....vii DECLARATION………………………………………………………………………….viii DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………..ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………..x ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………..xi OBSOMING……………………………………………………………………………….xii ABRIVIATIONS…………………………………………………………………………..xii GLOSSARY……………………………………………………………………………….xiv GENERAL INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………....xv CHAPTER ONE: AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………1 1.3 Problem statement……………………………………………………………………3 1.4 Aims and objectives of the study……………………………………………………..4 1.4Literatture review……………………………………………………………………..5 1.5 inteded contribution……………………………………………………......................6 i CHAPTER TWO: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO KWAZULU- GOVERNMENT AND INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY 2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………….12 2.2 KwaZulu-government…………………………………………………………..14 2.2.1 Separate Development and the growth of the homelands……………………18 2.2.2 The KwaZulu Constitution and Legislative Assembly………………………25 2.2.3 A system of chiefs, tribal and regional authorities……………………...........27 2.2.4 Proposals for a Federal State of Kwa-Natal……………………………….....31 2.2.5 King Solomon’s Inkatha (1920’s)…………………………………………...34 2.2.6 Inkatha National Cultural Liberation Movement (1975) and the meaning of ‘inkatha’…………………………………………………………………………….41 2.2.7 Inkatha and the African National Congress……………………………........48 2.2.8 London Meeting………………………………………………………………50 2.3.5 The advent of Inkatha Freedom Party………………………………………...56 2.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………….......63 CHAPTER THREE: THE INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANISATINAL OPERATIONS OF THE KWAZULU-GOVERNMENT AND INKATHA FREEDOM PARTY. 3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..,..65 3.2 Relations with the Apartheid regime…………………………………………...66 3.3 Zulu ethnic homogeneity……………………………………………………….70 3.4 The Public service and party-political activities………………………………..77 ii 3.5 Relations with the Trade Union movement…………………………………….80 3.6 Policy position on armed conflict………………………………………………86 3.7 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………89 CHAPTER FOUR: THE JUDICIAL ARM ROLE OF THE KWAZULU POLICE 4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….92 4.2 The Policy of the KZP…………………………………………………………….93 4.3 Police nature of conduct……………………………………………………….....95 4.4 Township Policing………………………………………………………………,100 4.5 Accountability……………………………………………………………………113 4.6 Covert Activities………………………………………………………………….114 4.7 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..117 CHAPTER FIVE: KWAZULU-GOVERNMENT AND IFP RELATIONS WITH THE LIBERATION MOVEMNTS 5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….120 5.2 The African National Congress (ANC)…………………………………………..121 5.3 Unplanned military operations……………………………………………………126 5.4 Planned military operations………………………………………………………130 5.5 Conflict with collaborators………………………………………………………..132 5.6 Political accountability……………………………………………………………137 5.7 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………39 iii CHAPTER SIX: REPORTS OF COMMISSIONS AND COMMITTEES ON KWAZULU-GOVERNMENT AND IFP’s RECORD OF CIVIL LIBERTIES 6.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………..141 6.2 The Legal Resource Centre (LRC) and the Human Rights Commission (HRC) - 1992……………………………………………………………………………………..143 6.3 The Goldstone Commission-1992………………………………………………….146 6.4 Advocate M Wallis Committee-1993………………………………………………152 6.5 The Truth and Reconciliation Commission………………………………………..153 6.6 The Transitional Executive Council’s Task Group-1994…………………………..169 6.7 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….175 GENERAL CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….178 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………………..183 iv The map of South Africa before 1994 that shows Natal with some spotted geographical areas that symbolise KwaZulu under the scourge of homeland that divided KwaZulu into small pieces of land. KwaZulu was the place where Inkatha under Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi claimed to have a 100% political hegemony where many places were notoriously known for being no-go areas to those who were non- Inkatha members. The hounarable Umtwana of KwaPhindangene Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi in his full traditional attire and is fully armed with the traditional weapons . He was Prime Minister of KwaZulu, the leader of Inkatha, the Minister of KwaZulu Police, the traditional leader of Buthelezi clan and leader of all Amakhosi (Chiefs) in KwaZulu. He selfishly dominated KwaZulu sicio-political affairs as from 1971-1994 and he is still the leader of Inkatha as from 1975. v QUOTATIONS “When I looked back I saw my son being stuck with a huge knife. He was then thrown into the flames of our house they just torched it. He was screaming but there was nothing I could do. To this day I still hear the sizzling sound of flames as they ate into my son’s flesh” -Victim of Natal violence Just as the Nazi in Germany killed people because they were Jews, in South Africa de Klerk, the National Party and Inkatha are killing people because they are black. -Nelson Mandela “I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory the loved and lost, and the solem pride that must be yours to have laid down so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom.” -Benjan Franklin vi APROVAL This dissertation has been read and approved in fulfilment of the academic requirement for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Histor, Department of History Facalty of Arts, University of Zululand, South Africa. ……………………………………. Date…………………………….. Dr Maxwell Zakhele Shamase SUPERVISOR vii DECLARATION I solemnly declare that this dissertation “The KwaZulu-Government and Inkatha Freedom Party’s record on civil liberty, 1990-1994” represents my academic embodiment of my laborious research that comprise a well work and academically acknowledged quotations, I therefore hope that it can be proudly used by the next generations as a reliable source of reference By………………………………………………… Student Name: Nkosingiphile Derick Myeni viii DEDICATIONS This dissertation is humblely and earnestly dedicated to all those people who died in the scourge of internecine violence, young and old while they were in pursuit of our freedom, therefore I say that their death was not for a minor course but it laid an unshakable foundation for the freedom that we are currently enjoying and also to my beloved wife Thabisile C. Myeni , my children, my extended family members who are my mother Malta Myeni, my father Josiah Myeni,my sisters, Nikeziwe M. Nhleko, Nozipho G. Mngomezulu , Nomsa V.Gumede, Nombukiso S.Masondo and my late sister Nompumelelo C. Mngomezulu who I believe would be amongst my well wishes . ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of this laborious academic work is entirely attributed to following individuals and institutions that have done all in assisting me in making it possible. I therefore take this opportunity to pass my wholesome gratitude to their noble attempts that of course have contributed to completion of this research. -Firstly I want to thank God the Almighty for His unbounded and restricted grace that has enabled me to complete this massive task. -My Supevisor Dr MZ Shamase for his undying spirit of leadership and his vast academic knowledge that have been core elements to my completion of this dissertation. His leadership has enabled him to work with all people coming from different backgrounds with success. -Dr S. Ntuli of the University of Zululand for providing me with study materials from which I have benefited a lot of knowledge in so far as Inkatha was concerned. -All people of Richards Bay Library for their workmanship that that has enabled me to work with them I terms of knowledge attainment in their institution. -The Staff of Esikhawini Library for their relentless efforts and also their friendly attitude in working working with me. -All people of University of Zululand for their friendly attitude that made working with them to be easy and also successful. -To my interviewees for their time also gut to share with me their grievous and horrendous past experience that that sometimes served to evoke pains and sorrows about their loved ones. I pass my special gratitude to Dr Nomzamo Luthuli although it was nearly impossible to work with her due to his vast knowledge in research ethics. x ABSTRACT Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi the leader of KwAZulu government and Inkatha, was amongst other South African homeland leaders. In early 1970s he became the leader of Kwa-Zulu Self- Governing homeland. In 1975 he formed the pseudo-political party that became known as Inkatha Cultural Movement that worked congenially with KwaZulu Government for almost three decades. After the formation of Inkatha, Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi was soon possessed by a strong desire of insatiable power hunger