Kansas 4-H Geology Leader Notebook Chapter 4 — Rocks, Table of Contents Size it Up (Level I, General) ............................................................................3 Activity Sheet 19, Size Comparisons ....................................................................6 Activity Sheet 20, Size Comparisons Leader’s Key .................................................7 How Rocks Change (Levels I and II, General) ..................................................9 Activity Sheet 21, Rock Cycle .............................................................................13 Activity Sheet 22, Rock Cycle Leader’s Key ..........................................................14 Activity Sheet 23, Rocks .....................................................................................15 Activity Sheet 24, Rock Pile ...............................................................................16 Activity Sheet 25, Rocks are Different ................................................................17 Limestone Adventure (Level II, Sedimentary) ................................................19 Activity Sheet 26, Formation of Sedimentary Rocks .............................................22 Member Handout 16, Word Search Definitions ..................................................23 Activity Sheet 27, Word Search...........................................................................24 Activity Sheet 28, Word Search, Leader’s Key ......................................................25 Activity Sheet 29, Sidewalk ...............................................................................26 Clastic or Nonclastic Rocks (Level III, Sedimentary)......................................27 Member Handout 17, The Layered Jar ...............................................................31 Member Handout 18, A Sour Trick ...................................................................32 Identifying Sedimentary Rocks (Level III, Sedimentary) ................................33 Member Handout 19, Key to Identifying Common Sedimentary Rocks ................35 Member Handout 20, Sedimentary Rock Definitions ..........................................36 Activity Sheet 30, Sedimentary Rock Identification Form ....................................37 Stratigraphic Cross Section (Level IV, Sedimentary) .......................................39 Activity Sheet 31, Cross Section Data .................................................................42 Rocks from Fire (Level I, Igneous) .................................................................43 Activity Sheet 32, Granite Mosaic ......................................................................47 Member Handout 21, Igneous Rock Cross-Section ..............................................48 Igneous Bodies (Level II, Igneous) ................................................................49 Activity Sheet 33, Igneous Bodies Crossword Puzzle ...........................................53 Activity Sheet 34, Igenous Bodies Cross Word Puzzle Answer Key ........................54 Igneous Rock Identification (Level IV, Igneous) .............................................55 Activity Sheet 35, Igneous Rock Identification Sheet ............................................58 Activity Sheet 36, Rock Game Board Pattern ......................................................59 Activity Sheet 37, Rock Game Board Leader’s Key ...............................................60 Member Handout 22, Key for Identifying Common Igneous Rocks ......................61 Kansas 4-H Geology Notebook Composition Plus Texture (Level IV, Igneous) ................................................63 Member Handout 23, Rock-Forming Minerals/Bowen’s Reaction Series ..............67 Member Handout 24, Glossary ..........................................................................68 Member Handout 25, Classification of Igneous Rocks ..........................................69 Changed Rocks (Level II, Metamorphic) .......................................................71 Activity Sheet 38, Metamorphic Activity ............................................................77 Activity Sheet 39, Metamorphic Activity, Leader’s Key ........................................78 Activity Sheet 40, Metamorphic Rock Identification ............................................79 They Have a Name (Level III, Metamorphic)..................................................81 Member Handout 26, Classification of Metamorphic Rocks ...........................84 Appendices Rock Identification Member Reference (All Levels) ......................................................87 Sedimentary Structures Member Reference (All Levels) ...............................................91 Kansas 4-H Geology Notebook Size It Up Rocks — Geology, Level I What members will learn … About the Project • Sedimentary rocks are made of small pieces (particles). • Small particles are different sizes for different rocks. • The importance of size in geology. About Themselves • How to learn using comparisons and relationships. Materials For each member: • Activity Sheet 19, Size Comparisons • Pencil For group: • 2 pieces of chalk • Metamorphic rocks • 1 or 2 tablespoons of each in separate containers and labeled with name and number: • flour #1 • salt #2 • dried beans #3 • clay #4 (or a little chalk, rubbed fine) • sand #5 • gravel #6 • shale #7 • sandstone #8 • conglomerate #9 • Jar with a mixture of “dirt,” clay, sand, small gravel, etc. • Water to fill jar • Magnifying glass • Paper or newspaper • Examples of sedimentary rock (shale, limestone, sandstone, conglomerate, chalk, etc. as available) • Activity Sheet 20, Size Comparisons, Leader’s Key Activity Time Needed: 30 minutes Kansas 4-H Geology Notebook Leader’s Notes Activity Provide two pieces of chalk an dsome Let’s start an experiment, then we will do an activity and check on the paper to a volunteer. You could let each member take a turn. experiment later. Who would like to help? First we will rub these two pieces of chalk together over over this paper. What happened? Chalk is Allow time for several responses. like a rock that has formed from pressing these tiny dust-like particles together to become hard. Rubbing the pieces together causes small pieces Show jar with mixed particle sizes. to fall off. Let a member add water until most particles can be in liquid. Make sure Now, let’s look at this jar of “dirt.” Are there different sizes of pieces in the the lid is on tight and let members take jar? What types of sizes do you see? Who would like to help me add some turns shaking the jar. Solicit several water to the jar of dirt? Now, shake the the watery mixture until it is well responses or have them write on a mixed. We will set this jar to the side while we do anothe ractivity. What piece of paper. do you think will happen to the muddy water? Show piles of flour, salt and beans. To help us understand particle size, let’s look at some cooking items you see around your house. What are these piles? (flour, salt and beans) Which has the smallest pieces? Which has the largest pieces? Which is in the middle size? Next we will look at soil particles that come from rocks. Look at these three piles — what do they look like? Which pile has the smallest pieces? Next smallest? Largest pieces? Which soil particles are most like the cooking items found around the house? Now, let’s look at three different rocks. These rocks are called a Have members number the rocks by conglomerate. The pieces that make up these rocks have been pressed particles size and then compare them with soil and cooking items. together very hard. You will have to look closely to see the particles that each are made from. Does anyone want to use a magnifying glass to view the particles? Which rock has the smallest particles? Next smallest? Which rock has the largest particles? Hand out Activity Sheet 19, Size To finish this particle size activity, let’s review each set of particles and Comparisons. fill in the blanks on this Activity Sheet of size comparisons. First find the words for cooking items. Next, find the words for soil particles and then the rock names. Let’s go back and look at the jar with dirt and water. What has happened? What size particles are in the bottom of the jar? Why? Can you find small, medium and large size particles like in the other activity? Where are the smallest particles? Why will it take the smaller particles longer to settle to the bottom? These small particles that make the water look muddy will make a fine mud that will become shale if it is pressed hard for a long time. What would the sandy layers become? (sandstone) What type of rock would the bottom later of large particles become? (conglomerate) 4 Kansas 4-H Geology Notebook Dialogue For Critical Thinking: Share: 1. Which items were smallest? Largest? 2. When mixed with water, which size of items settles out first? Last? Why? Process: 3. How are the three items in each size similar or different? Generalize: 4. How important is it to use comparisons of things you know well to learn about new things? Apply: 5. How can you use comparisons to learn about other new things in the future? Going Further: 1. Let one child take the jar home, or set it in a safe place until next time to see all the layers that settle out. 2. Visit sites that show the different types of rocks discussed today. Use a magnifying glass where appropriate to examine the particle size. References: Author: Pat Gilliland, Kansas 4-H Geology Curriculum Team. Reviewed by: Rex