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Occupation C I m tiq,ner I I Vol. 14, No. 4 A Neoplatonic Republican Journal July 1981 7 There Are No Lone Assassins by Linda de Hoyos 18 John Milton's America Legacy by Lydia Schulman 36 Jefferson vs. The Federalists: • How the American Indians Were Destroyed by Richard Welsh EDITORIAL 2 We Need a National Poet Celebrating Spaceweek LETTERS 3 Pre-Raphaelites on Screen FORUM 4 Plato Debate Makes Waves at Princeton EXHIBITS 5 Polaroid of Raphael's Masterpiece on Tour 6 Leonardo: Artist and Scientist BICENTENNIAL 43 I781: Victory at Yorktown MUSIC 48 Dorati Premiers his Works in Detroit 49 Who Sank the New Jersey Symphony? MOVIES 51 Star Wars in Heavy Armor 52 Lybian Agitprop BOOKS 56 When Did Man Emerge? 58 New Dante an Unexpected Treat 61 How Venice Reversed the Renaissance 63 Jesuit Ideologue Preaches Ban on Language 64 Book Briefs Editor-in-Chief On thecover Carol White Hinckley and Oswald: there are no AssociateEditor lone assassins Kenneth Kronberg Cover design: Virginia Baier Managing Editor THE CAMPAIGNER is published monthly Christina Nelson Huth except for January, March, and May by Cam- Contributing Editors paignerNew York,Publications,N.Y. 10019.Inc.,Telephone304 W. 58th(212)Street,247- Debra Hanania Freeman (Washington, D.C.), 8820. Subscriptions by mail are $24.00 for 10 Nicholas F. Benton (Houston) issues in the U.S. and Canada. Air mail sub- scriptions to other countries are $48.00 for 10 Art Director issues. Deborah Asch Second class postage paid at New York, New York. Production Editor Copyright __ CAMPAIGNER PUBLICA- Efthalia DeGroot TIONS, INC. ISSN 0045-4109 EDITORIAL Are we l_erhaps being frivo- translatable by nature because its lous? We say not. beauty lies in the harmonious mar- No one who understands and riage of elevated conceptions and loves poetry will tolerate geno- glorious prosody of expression in cide. Poetry, because it is a true spoken language. expression of the beautiful soul, John Milton's ParadiseLost and IHg_7,_][Needr_l_ everyshows man'sthe potentialsoul. Dante'sbeautytower-of Paradise"translation"RegainedofareDante'sa true poeticgreat A National ingItalianCommedianationliterallycreatedtheand was a beacon to worklike Dante's,, however.is the Theirtask ofsuelevat-bject, Poet thatous vicissitudesnation throughoutof the Darkthe Ages,hide- ingafrom abodyveritableof mensheeplikeand womenstupor leading Italy into its Renaissance. to the level where they are mor- WITH ALLTHE PROBLEMSfacing It is today still loved by Italians, ally fit to be citizens of a republic. the country today, perhaps it who know that it expresses the What Dante did was unique; yet seems gratuitous to add the lack of best of their nation. Milton was his glorious descen- a national poet. This is a time dent. Milton's poetry stood next when General Maxwell Taylor DANTE ALIGHIERIis a universal to the Bible in every home when unabashedly proposes to write off man, of course, and not merely America was founded. one billion people as superfluous, Italy's poet. But although the non- Yet who today reads Milton's and Oflhce of Management and Italian-language speaker may love poetry outside of the rare class- the Budget Director David Stock- the poetic grandeur of the Com- room? Who reads Edgar Allan man--in cahoots with Federal Re- media and its presentation of the Poe, who followed worthily in serve Board Chairman Paul A. highest reaches to which the hu- Milton's footsteps to be our great- Volcker--prepares to implement man soul aspires, lacking the lan- est American poet and one of the that program by deliberately de- guage he cannot truly know the greatest poets in any language of stroying the U.S. economy, poem. Poetry is inherently un- the last two centuries? sary to give proper direction to for the space program is the estab- these events, to capture that ele- lishment of a permanently manned vated sense of moral purpose orbiting space station. How this shared by millions of Americans can be accomplished should be Shuttle. accounts of the scientific and en- ctor_'_e'e'ra-'ng duringThis theis especiallyflight ofimportantthe Spacefor gineeringelaborated, breakthroughsalong with detailedpossible ourfrontiersyoungto people.master, Withoutthey havenewno ties.with such space laboratory facili- op "acewee spiritual future, no challenge to WE FULLYSUPPORTthe proposal excite their best efforts. In plan- ATTENTION SHOULD BE focused by the Spaceweek group in Hous- ning Spaceweek, let us emphasize on the fundamental scientific ton, Texas, to set aside the week of those activities that will be most questions opened up by the Voy- July 12-20 to celebrate the accom- beneficial for them, by emphasiz- ager flights to Jupiter and Saturn. plishments of the space program, ing the tasks before us as a nation. The same "nonlinear" effects ob- It would be fully appropriate for We propose that Spaceweek served in the atmospheres of these President Reagan to designate be devoted to a series of exhibits planets pose challenges to scientists Spaceweek a national holiday, and lectures on the history of the now working with high-energy Plans are underway for a vari- space program, with special era- plasmas in the nation's fusion lab- ety of events, ranging from science phasis on the magnificent effort oratories. fiction extravaganzas to confer- launched by President Kennedy to An appropriate long-term goal ences involving experts in the field land a man on the Moon. for Spaceweek would be to estab- of space and aviation. It is neces- The primary immediate goal lish science and technology mu- 2 July 1981/ CAMPAIGNER LETTERS A NATIONMORALLYFITtO survive nuclear fusion. I quote from Mr. must revere its poets. We need Boorman, the director of Excali- bur: "We are running out of steam. forefathersMilton morewhotodaylovethand him.did Weour Pre-Rapbaelites We don't know where we are need Edgar Allan Poe. On Screen going next. We are starting to In the first half of the nine- look back and I think that is very teenth century, educated Ameri- To the editor: healthy." cans typically knew European lan- Recently, I took the time to go to Boorman's movie itself is visu- guages, as well as classical Greek a special advance showing of the ally stunning, beautiful--like and Latin. They could read movie Excalibur directed by John watching a slide presentation of Dante's poetry and Schiller's di- Boorman and built around Thom- Pre-Raphaelite paintings. I was rectly, because they understood as Malory's Morte d'Arthur. While able to identify untold numbers of Italian and German. More impor- I think that somewhere deep in the sets obviously taken from specific tant, they had not yet lost the Arthurian legend there might be a paintings: Burne-Jones, Hunt, connection to their own humanist potential for extracting, a nation- Morris, Rossetti, etc.