Taxonomie und Palökologie der Bivalven im Mittel- und Oberjura der Keltiberischen Ketten (Spanien) 63 Abb., 14 Tab., 8 Tafeln Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Graciela DELVENE aus Madrid Zaragoza, Würzburg 2000 To my parents GENERAL INDEX FIGURE INDEX .......................................................................................................................................... i SPECIES INDEX ........................................................................................................................................ v TABLE INDEX ............................................................................................................................................ xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ xiii ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ............................................................................................................................. 1 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. 2 RESUMEN ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. AIM OF STUDY .................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 FIELD WORK ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 LABORATORY WORK ............................................................................................................. 6 1.2.3 OFFICE WORK ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.3. GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 8 2. PREVIOUS WORK ................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1 REGIONAL STUDIES ........................................................................................................................... 11 2.2. STUDIES ON JURASSIC BIVALVES OF THE IBERIAN RANGE .................................................. 13 3. STRATIGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................... 31 3.1. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS ........................................................................................................ 31 3.2. OUTCROPS IN THE ARAGONIAN BRANCH OF THE IBERIAN RANGE ................................... 34 3.2.1. NORTHWESTERN AREA ........................................................................................................ 34 *Section "Los Picarros" (Ricla, province of Zaragoza): .............................................................. 34 Ri4 ........................................................... 36 Ri8 ........................................................... 38 * Section Huerva River (Tosos, province of Zaragoza): To3 ....................................................... 43 * Section Valmadrid (Valmadrid, province of Zaragoza):Val ..................................................... 46 3.2.2. "SIERRA DE ARCOS" AREA .................................................................................................. 49 * Section "Barranco de La Peñisquera" (Lécera, province of Zaragoza): PE .............................. 50 * Section "Barranco de la Librería" (Moneva, province of Zaragoza): Mo ................................. 52 * Section Mirambueno (Muniesa, province of Teruel): Mir ........................................................ 54 * Section "Barranco de las Estacas" (Ariño, province of Teruel): BE ......................................... 54 * Section "Ventas de San Pedro" (Oliete, province of Teruel): Ar .............................................. 58 3.2.3. "SIERRA DE LOS MOROS" AREA ........................................................................................... 59 * Section "Barranco del Moro" (Oliete, province of Teruel): BM ............................................... 59 * Section "Tía Chula" (Oliete, province of Teruel): TCh ............................................................ 63 3.2.4. "BAJO ARAGÓN" AREA ........................................................................................................ 65 * Section Calanda 3 (Foz Calanda, province of Teruel): Ca3 ...................................................... 66 * Section Calanda Tunnel (Foz Calanda, province of Teruel): Cat ............................................. 68 * Section La Cañada de Verich (La Cañada de Verich, province of Teruel): CV ....................... 69 3.3. ADDITIONAL OUTCROPS ................................................................................................................. 72 * Longares-Muel (province of Zaragoza): Long .......................................................................... 72 * Aguilón (province of Zaragoza): Ag ......................................................................................... 72 * Moyuela (province of Zaragoza): My ....................................................................................... 72 * Obón-Torre de las Arcas (province of Teruel): Ob-TAr ........................................................... 72 * Ráfales (province of Teruel): Rf ............................................................................................... 73 3.4. STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION .................................................................................................... 73 3.4.1. NORTHWESTERN AREA ........................................................................................................ 73 3.4.2. "SIERRA DE ARCOS"-"SIERRA DE LOS MOROS" AREA ......................................................... 75 3.4.3. "BAJO ARAGÓN" AREA ........................................................................................................ 76 4. TAXONOMY ........................................................................................................................................... 77 4.1. BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................... 77 4.2. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS .......................................................................................................... 78 5. PALAEOECOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. 155 5.1.METHODS OF STUDY AND TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................. 155 5.2. TROPHIC GROUPS AND LIFE HABIT GROUPS ............................................................................. 155 5.3. DESCRIPTION OF ASSOCIATIONS .................................................................................................. 155 5.3.1. Nanogyra nana-Nicaniella (T.) carinata ASSOCIATION (1) ................................................ 155 5.3.2. Nicaniella (T.) carinata-Cingentolium ASSOCIATION (2) ................................................... 158 5.3.3. Nicaniella (T.) carinata-Gervillella aviculoides ASSOCIATION (3) .................................... 159 5.3.4. Grammatodon (G.) concinnum-Cingentolium (C.) partitum ASSOCIATION (4) ................. 160 5.3.5. Myoconcha (M.) rathieriana-Plagiostoma fuersichi ASSOCIATION (5) .............................. 162 5. 4. DESCRIPTION OF ASSEMBLAGES ................................................................................................. 163 5.4.1 "TOSOS ASSEMBLAGE" ......................................................................................................... 163 5.4.2. "BARRANCO DE LAS ESTACAS ASSEMBLAGE" ..................................................................... 164 5.5. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONTROLLING BIVALVE ASSOCIATIONS ............................. 165 5.5.1. SUBSTRATE .......................................................................................................................... 165 5.5.2. WATER ENERGY .................................................................................................................. 165 5.5.3. DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC MATTER ................................................................................... 167 5.6. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF BIVALVES .................................... 168 5.6.1. TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................................... 168 5.6.2. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................................ 168 6. CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 169 7. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................