Entomology Publications Entomology 2012 Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Gossypium in North America Adam P. Kuester Iowa State University, [email protected] Robert W. Jones Centro Universitario Queretaro Thomas W. Sappington Iowa State University, [email protected] Kyung Seok Kim Seoul National University NFoorllomwa nthi Bs. Bandarr additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs UnitPeda Srta oftes theDepaArtmgricenulturt of Agalric Sulctuierence Commons, Agriculture Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, Genetics Commons, and the See next page for additional authors Systems Biology Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ ent_pubs/198. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Gossypium in North America Abstract Although the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a devastating pest in the United States and Mexico, its population structure and genetic diversity in Mexico on wild and cultivated cotton hosts (genus Gossypium) is poorly understood. Past studies using morphology, host use, and distribution records suggest that A.grandis grandis comprises three forms with host-associated characteristics: the southeastern form (from domesticated Gossypium hirsutum L., southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico), the thurberia form (from Gossypium thurberi Todaro, Arizona and northwestern Mexico), and the Mexican form (from multiple Gossypium species and other malvaceous plant genera in the remainder of Mexico and Central America). However, the phylogenetic relationships, host preferences, and distributions of these forms are not completely understood. An alternative hypothesis of an eastern and western form of the boll weevil is suggested by the suspected phylogeographic range expansion from an ancestral distribution in the tropics northward along both Mexican coasts, culminating in the maximally contrasting phenotypes observed in the northeastern and northwestern arms of the current distribution. In this study, we sequenced one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes to gain insight into the evolutionary relationships among the putative forms and their distributions on wild and domesticated cotton hosts. Using models of evolution, we compared the three-form to the two-form classification and to two alternative classifications that incorporate geography and host use traits. The eg netic data at most loci provide stronger support for the two-form than the three-form hypothesis, with an eastern and western group separated by the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range. They do not us pport separate taxonomic status for boll weevils developing onG. thurberi. Keywords boll weevil, thurberia weevil, Gossypium, genetic marker Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agriculture | Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Biology | Entomology | Genetics | Systems Biology Comments This article is from Annals of the Entomological Society of America 105 (2012): 902, doi:10.1603/AN12072. Rights Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The onc tent of this document is not copyrighted. Authors Adam P. Kuester, Robert W. Jones, Thomas W. Sappington, Kyung Seok Kim, Norman B. Barr, Richard L. Roehrdanz, and John D. Nason This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ent_pubs/198 Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Gossypium in North America Author(s): Adam P. Kuester, Robert W. Jones, Thomas W. Sappington, Kyung Seok Kim, Norman B. Barr, Richard L. Roehrdanz, Patti Senechal, and John D. Nason Source: Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105(6):902-916. 2012. Published By: Entomological Society of America URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/AN12072 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. GENETICS Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Gossypium in North America ADAM P. KUESTER,1 ROBERT W. JONES,2 THOMAS W. SAPPINGTON,3 KYUNG SEOK KIM,4 5 6 7 1,8 NORMAN B. BARR, RICHARD L. ROEHRDANZ, PATTI SENECHAL, AND JOHN D. NASON Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 105(6): 902Ð916 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN12072 ABSTRACT Although the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curcu- lionidae), is a devastating pest in the United States and Mexico, its population structure and genetic diversity in Mexico on wild and cultivated cotton hosts (genus Gossypium) is poorly understood. Past studies using morphology, host use, and distribution records suggest that A. grandis grandis comprises three forms with host-associated characteristics: the southeastern form (from domesticated Gossypium hirsutum L., southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico), the thurberia form (from Gos- sypium thurberi Todaro, Arizona and northwestern Mexico), and the Mexican form (from multiple Gossypium species and other malvaceous plant genera in the remainder of Mexico and Central America). However, the phylogenetic relationships, host preferences, and distributions of these forms are not completely understood. An alternative hypothesis of an eastern and western form of the boll weevil is suggested by the suspected phylogeographic range expansion from an ancestral distribution in the tropics northward along both Mexican coasts, culminating in the maximally contrasting phenotypes observed in the northeastern and northwestern arms of the current distribution. In this study, we sequenced one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes to gain insight into the evolutionary relationships among the putative forms and their distributions on wild and domesticated cotton hosts. Using models of evolution, we compared the three-form to the two-form classiÞcation and to two alternative classiÞcations that incorporate geography and host use traits. The genetic data at most loci provide stronger support for the two-form than the three-form hypothesis, with an eastern and western group separated by the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range. They do not support separate taxonomic status for boll weevils developing on G. thurberi. KEY WORDS boll weevil, thurberia weevil, Gossypium, genetic marker The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman Belt in the southeastern United States (Burke et al. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), has been a major pest of 1986, Allen 2008). This range expansion is believed to commercial cotton (genus Gossypium) in the United have been a result of increased cotton production in States for more than a century and is still of agricul- northeastern Mexico after the devastation of the cot- tural concern in southern Texas and parts of northern ton-growing industry in the United States during the Mexico and Central and South America (Burke et al. Civil War (Jones 2006, Allen 2008). An increase in 1986, Scataglini et al. 2006, Stadler and Buteler 2007). cotton agriculture in northern Mexico bridged a geo- The Swedish entomologist C. H. Boheman described graphical gap for boll weevil migration and establish- A. grandis grandis in 1843 from a specimen collected ment in areas previously devoid of a host for the pest. in Veracruz, Mexico. The insect crossed the Rio This resulted in ruinous consequences for U.S. cotton Grande in 1892 and quickly moved through the Cotton production including ϾUS$10 billion in crop damage and management costs within the United States alone 1 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, 251 (Allen 2008). Although the boll weevil has recently Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011. been eradicated from much of the southeastern 2 Universidad Auto´noma de Quere´taro, Licenciatura en Biologõ´a, Centro Universitario, Quere´taro, 76010, Quere´taro, Me´xico. United States and parts of northern Mexico, many 3 USDAÐARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ge- areas continue to be active eradication zones in which netics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011. management and associated