chapter Sexual Coercion 18 in this chapter . ● Rape: The Most Intimate Crime of Violence ● Rape Prevention Incidence of Rape Confronting a Rapist: Should You Fight, Flee, A WORLD OF DIVERSITY: or Plead? Pakistan’s War of Terror on Rape Victims ● Sexual Abuse of Children ● Types of Rape Patterns of Abuse Stranger Rape Acquaintance Rape A CLOSER LOOK: Date Rape Desperate Housewives Star Teri Hatcher Reveals History of Childhood Sexual Abuse A CLOSER LOOK: Anatomy Pedophilia of a Date Rape: Ann and Jim Gang Rape A CLOSER LOOK: The Siren Song of Sex with Boys Male Rape Incest: Breaking Taboos Partner Rape Effects of Sexual Abuse on Children Rape by Women Prevention of Sexual Abuse of Children Treatment of Survivors of Sexual Abuse ● Social Attitudes, Myths, and Cultural Factors That Encourage Rape ● Treatment of Rapists and Child Molesters Castration SELF-ASSESSMENT: Cultural Myths That Create a Climate That Supports Rape ● Sexual Harassment A CLOSER LOOK: “Rophies”—The Date Rape Drug Sexual Harassment with Victims from Minority Groups Sexual Harassment in the Workplace ● Psychological Characteristics of Rapists: Who Sexual Harassment on Campus Are They? How to Resist Sexual Harassment ● Adjustment of Rape Survivors ● Sexual Coercion— Rape and Psychological Disorders The 3 R’s: Reflect, Recite, and Review ISBN 1-256-42985-6 If You Are Raped . Reflect Treatment of Rape Survivors Recite A CLOSER LOOK: The “Rape Kit” and Cold Hits Review Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity, Eighth edition, by Spencer A. Rathus, Jeffrey S. Nevid, and Lois Fichner-Rathus. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. TRUTH or Which of the following statements are the truth, and which are fiction? Look for the Truth-or-Fiction fiction icons on the pages that follow to find the answers. 1 A woman is raped every 10 minutes in the United States. TF 2 The majority of rapes are committed by strangers in deserted neighborhoods or darkened alleyways. TF 3 Ten times as many women as men are raped in the United States. TF 4 Men who rape other men are gay. TF 5 Many women say no when they mean yes. TF 6 Most rapists are mentally ill. TF 7 Women who encounter a rapist should attempt to fight him off. TF 8 Father–daughter incest is the most common type of incest. TF ISBN 1-256-42985-6 567 Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity, Eighth edition, by Spencer A. Rathus, Jeffrey S. Nevid, and Lois Fichner-Rathus. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. he 13-year-old boy sat in his California home, eyes fixed Ton a computer screen. He had never run with the popu- lar crowd and long ago had turned to the Internet for the friends he craved. But on this day, Justin Berry’s fascination with cyberspace would change his life. Weeks before, Justin had hooked up a Web camera to his computer, hoping to use it to meet other teenagers online. Instead, he heard only from men who chatted with him by instant message as they watched his image on the Internet. To Justin, they seemed just like friends, ready with compliments and always offering gifts. Now, on an afternoon in 2000, one member of his audience sent a proposal: He would pay Justin $50 to sit bare-chested in front of his Webcam for three minutes. The man explained that Justin could receive the money instantly and helped him open an account on PayPal.com, an online payment system. Justin Berry, now of age, is one of many victims of sexual child abuse “I figured, I took off my shirt at the pool for nothing,” he said who testified on Capitol Hill. recently. “So, I was kind of like, what’s the difference?” Justin removed his T-shirt. The men watching him oozed compliments. So began the secret life of a teenager who was lured into Gigglez—whose images are traded online long after their sites selling images of his body on the Internet over the course of have vanished. In this world, adolescents announce schedules five years. From the seduction that began that day, this soccer- of their next masturbation for customers who pay fees for the playing honor roll student was drawn into performing in front of performance or monthly subscription charges. Eager cus- the Webcam—undressing, showering, masturbating and even tomers can even buy “private shows,” in which teenagers sex- having sex—for an audience of more than 1,500 people who ually perform while following real-time instructions. paid him, over the years, hundreds of thousands of dollars. A six-month investigation by The New York Times into this Justin’s dark coming-of-age story is a collateral effect of corner of the Internet found that such sites had emerged largely recent technological advances. Minors, often under the online without attracting the attention of law enforcement or youth pro- tutelage of adults, are opening for-pay pornography sites featur- tection organizations. While experts with these groups said they ing their own images sent onto the Internet by inexpensive Web- had witnessed a recent deluge of illicit, self-generated Webcam cams. And they perform from the privacy of home, while parents images, they had not known of the evolution of sites where are nearby, beyond their children’s closed bedroom doors. minors sold images of themselves for money.* The business has created youthful Internet pornography *Reprinted from Kurt Eichenwald. (December 19, 2005). Through His Webcam, a Boy Joins stars—with nicknames like Riotboyy, Miss Honey and a Sordid Online World. The New York Times. he media are in a continuous feeding frenzy over sexual offenses involving minors, celebrities, highly placed politicians, and members of the armed Tservices. In the 1990s, the spotlight was on the rape trial of boxer Mike Tyson and then on an affair between Bill Clinton and a White House intern named Monica Lewinsky. Many argued that their relationship comprised sexual harass- ISBN 1-256-42985-6 ment because of the disparity in their power, even though Lewinsky was a willing partner. 568 CHAPTER 18 ● Sexual Coercion Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity, Eighth edition, by Spencer A. Rathus, Jeffrey S. Nevid, and Lois Fichner-Rathus. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. In the 2000s, there came the stories of American priests who sexually abused children. The Boston Archdiocese alone was reported to have received over 1,000 complaints of child sexual abuse over the past several decades and to have turned a blind eye to the charges (Finkelhor, 2003; Sex Abuse Victims, 2003). Some wondered aloud whether the church’s requirement that priests remain celibate has contributed to the problem (Adams, 2003). At about the same time, it was charged that the Air Force Academy had “tradi- tions” that encouraged or legitimized the sexual assault of female cadets. A number of women cadets left the academy, officers resigned, and policies were changed (Janofsky & Schemo, 2003). Then there were the cases of Mary Kay LeTourneau, Pamela Rogers, and Debra LaFave—attractive women who were prosecuted for having sex with minor boys. While some men wondered whether these boys just “got lucky,” David Finkelhor (2005a), director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire, notes that the bringing of these cases to court reflects a decline in the double standard that is applied to men and women. Finkelhor suggests that increasing numbers of female police and prosecutors are less likely to buy into the traditional idea that boys who have sex with older women have something to be thankful for (Zernicke, 2005). All in all, a team of professional writers could not have developed more scan- dalous material, but the plots and the characters in these media series are very real. Many observers wince as they see aspects of themselves—either as aggressors or vic- tims—laid bare before the public. This chapter is about sexual coercion. Our topics include rape and other forms of sexual pressure, including sexual harassment. As we see in the cases involving minors, sexual coercion also includes any sexual activity between an adult and a child. Even when children cooperate, sexual relations with children are coercive because children are below the legal age of consent. A Pair of Sex Offenders? What do boxer Mike Tyson and teacher Debra LaFave have in common? Both were found guilty of sexual offenses. Tyson was con- victed of the forcible rape of a woman who accompanied him to his hotel room. LaFave pleaded guilty to having sex with a minor boy. Tyson’s crime was violent; LaFave’s case involved statutory rape. In LaFave’s case, although the boy was not forced into sex, at the age of 14 he was legally too young to provide consent. ISBN 1-256-42985-6 Sexual Coercion 569 Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity, Eighth edition, by Spencer A. Rathus, Jeffrey S. Nevid, and Lois Fichner-Rathus. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Rape: The Most Intimate Crime of Violence During the school year, you talk to people it has happened to, even upperclass- men, and they all say the same thing. They tell you to expect getting raped, and if it doesn’t happen to you, you’re one of the rare ones. They say if you want a chance to stay [at the Air Force Academy], if you want to graduate, you don’t tell. You just deal with it. (Sharon Fullilove, cited in Janofsky & Schemo, 2003) CRITICAL THINKING THE WOMEN AT THE AIR FORCE ACADEMY, like another half a million American women Why is rape a political issue as each year, were victimized by a most common crime of violence: rape.