United States Department of State Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism Country Reports on Terrorism 2005 April 2006 ________________________________ United States Department of State Publication 11324 Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism Released April 2006 1 Country Reports on Terrorism 2005 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Legislative Requirements and Key Terms....................................p. 8 Chapter 2. Strategic Assessment.......................................................................p. 11 Chapter 3. Terrorist Safe Havens .....................................................................p. 16 Chapter 4. Building International Will and Capacity to Counter Terrorism .........................................................................p. 24 • The Antiterrorism Assistance Program • The Middle East Partnership Initiative • Multilateral and Regional Cooperation o The UN Role in Fighting Terrorism o G8 Counterterrorism Actions Secure and Facilitated International Travel Security Initiative Counterterrorism Action Group • Public Diplomacy • Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front o Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) o Terrorist Finance Working Group (TFWG) o Addressing New Threats and International Requirements Cash Courier Training Advanced Financial Crimes Training OSCE Conference on Terrorist Financing Three Plus One Security Initiative • Countering Terrorism on the Consular Front • The Rewards for Justice Program • The Container Security Initiative • International Conventions and Protocols Chapter 5. Country Reports..............................................................................p. 45 Africa Overview ......................................................................................................p. 45 The Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Initiative African Union Comoros Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Mali 2 Mauritania Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Tanzania Uganda Zimbabwe East Asia and Pacific Overview .............................................................................p. 59 Australia Burma Cambodia China Hong Kong Macau Indonesia Japan Korea, Republic of Laos Malaysia Mongolia New Zealand Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Europe and Eurasia Overview ...............................................................................p. 83 Albania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia 3 Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Macedonia (FYROM) Malta Moldova Netherlands, The Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia and Montenegro (Kosovo) Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan United Kingdom Uzbekistan Middle East and North Africa Overview .............................................................p. 126 Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Morocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen 4 South Asia Overview ..............................................................................................p. 147 Afghanistan Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Western Hemisphere Overview .............................................................................p. 155 CICTE Triborder Area Argentina Brazil Paraguay Bolivia Canada Chile Colombia Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Mexico Nicaragua Panama Peru Uruguay Venezuela Chapter 6. State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview ........................................p. 171 Cuba Iran Libya North Korea Sudan Syria Chapter 7. The Global Challenge of WMD Terrorism...................................p. 178 Chapter 8. Foreign Terrorist Organizations ..................................................p. 183 Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Ansar al-Sunna (AS) Armed Islamic Group (GIA) 5 Asbat al-Ansar Aum Shinrikyo (Aum) Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) Gama’a al-Islamiyya (IG) HAMAS Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah Islamic Jihad Group (IJU) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya Organization (JI) Al-Jihad (AJ) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kongra-Gel (PKK) Lashkar e-Tayyiba (LT) Lashkar i Jhangvi (LJ) Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM) Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK) National Liberation Army (ELN) Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) Al-Qaida (AQ) Al-Qaida in Iraq (AQI) Real IRA (RIRA) Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) Revolutionary Nuclei (RN) Revolutionary Organization 17 November Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C) Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) Shining Path (SL) United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) Other Groups of Concern……………………………………………………………p. 229 Al-Badr Mujahedin (al-Badr) Al-Ittihad al-Islami (AIAI) Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB) Anti-Imperialist Territorial Nuclei (NTA) Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALIR) 6 Cambodian Freedom Fighters (CFF) Communist Party of India (Maoist) Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)/United People’s Front Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HUJI) Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami/Bangladesh (HUJI-B) Hizb-i Islami Gulbuddin (HIG) Hizbul-Mujahedin (HM) Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) Irish Republican Army (IRA) Islamic Army of Aden (IAA) Islamic Great East Raiders–Front (IBDA-C) Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade (IIPB) Jamaatul-Mujahedin Bangladesh (JBM) Jamiat ul-Mujahedin (JUM) Japanese Red Army (JRA) Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (KMM) Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) New Red Brigades/Communist Combatant Party (BR/PCC) People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD) Rajah Solaiman Movement (RSM) Red Hand Defenders (RHD) Revolutionary Proletarian Initiative Nuclei (NIPR) Revolutionary Struggle (RS) Riyadus-Salikhin Reconnaissance and Sabotage Battalion of Chechen Martyrs (RSRSBCM) Sipah-I-Sahaba/Pakistan (SSP) Special Purpose Islamic Regiment (SPIR) Tunisian Combatant Group (TCG) Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) Turkish Hizballah Ulster Defense Association/Ulster Freedom Fighters (UDA/UFF) Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) NCTC Statistical Annex Supplement on Terrorism Deaths, Injuries, Kidnappings of Private U.S. Citizens 7 Chapter 1 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS AND KEY TERMS This report is submitted in compliance with Title 22 of the United States Code, Section 2656f (the “Act”), which requires the Department of State to provide Congress a full and complete annual report on terrorism for those countries and groups meeting the criteria of the Act. Statutory excerpts relating to the terms used in this report and a discussion of the interpretation and application of those terms in this report are included below. ∗ Excerpts and Summary of Key Statutory Terms Section 2656f(a) of Title 22 of the United States Code states as follows: (a) … The Secretary of State shall transmit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, by April 30 of each year, a full and complete report providing - (1) (A) detailed assessments with respect to each foreign country – (i) in which acts of international terrorism occurred which were, in the opinion of the Secretary, of major significance; (ii) about which the Congress was notified during the preceding five years pursuant to section 2405(j) of the Appendix to Title 50; and (iii) which the Secretary determines should be the subject of such report; (B) detailed assessments with respect to each foreign country whose territory is being used as a sanctuary for terrorist organizations; (2) all relevant information about the activities during the preceding year of any terrorist group, and any umbrella group under which such terrorist group falls, known to be responsible for the kidnapping or death of an American citizen during the preceding five years, any terrorist group known to have obtained or developed, or to have attempted to obtain or develop, weapons of mass destruction, any terrorist group known to be financed by countries about which Congress was notified during the preceding year pursuant to section 2405(j) of the Appendix to Title 50, any group designated by the Secretary as a foreign terrorist organization under section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189), and any other known international terrorist group which the Secretary determines should be the subject of such report; ∗ These excerpts and this report reflect amendments to the Act that were contained in legislation passed in December 2004 (P.L. 108-458 and P.L. 108-487). By their terms, those amendments, which did not apply to last year's report, apply to this and subsequent reports under the Act. 8 (3) with respect to each foreign country from which the United States Government has sought cooperation during the previous five years in the investigation or prosecution of an act of international terrorism against United States citizens or interests, information on - (A) the extent