JOURNAL OF THE MANCHESTER EGYPTIAN AND ORIENTAL SOCIETY PRINTED BY THE WILLIAM MORRIS PRESS LTD MANCHESTER PUBLISHED BY SHERRATT AND HUGHES PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER MANCHESTER: 34 CROSS STREET LONDON : 33 SOHO SQUARE AGENTS FOR THE UNITED STATES: LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO. 443-449 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENT IN PARIS : PAUL GEUTHNER 13 RUE JACOB (Vie) JOURNAL OF THE MANCHESTER EGYPTIAN AND ORIENTAL SOCIETY Voi 2, 19121913 * MANCHESTER: AT THE UNIVERSrTY PRESS 1913 V. MANCHESTER EGYPTIAN AND ORIENTAL SOCIETY. SESSION 1912-13. List of Officers and Members. PRESIDENT : Professor T. W. RHYS DAVIDS, LL.D., Ph.D., F.B.A. VICE-PRESIDENTS : THE VICE-CHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVER- S. H. CAPPER, M.A. SITY (Sir Alfred Hopkinson, K.C..LL.D., Hon. Professor W. BOYD DAWKINS, M.A., M.A., B.C.L.) D.Sc.,F.R.S. THE RIGHT REV. THE LORD BISHOP OF A. H. GARDINER, D.Litt. LINCOLN (E. L. Hicks, D.D.) JESSE HAWORTH, Litt.D. THE RIGHT REV. THE LORD BISHOP OF W. EVANS HOYLE, M.A., D.Sc., M.R.C.S. SALFORD (L. C. Casartelli, D.Litt.Or., Professor E. H. M.A. D.D.) PARKER, F. A. BRUTON, M.A. Professor A. H. PEAKE, M.A., D.D. Principal R. M. BURROWS, D.Litt. (King's Professor G. ELLIOT SMITH, M.A., M.D., College, London) F.R.S. OTHER MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL : Ven. Archdeacon ALLEN, M.A. Mrs. W. HARTAS JACKSON Rev. C. L. BEDALE, M.A. Rev. H. S. LEWIS, M.A. Rev. J. T. BREWIS, M.A., B.D. THE LIBRARIAN, The Rylands Library (Mr. Professor M. A. CANNEY, M.A. H. GUPPY, M.A.) Mrs. RHYS DAVIDS, M.A. Principal MARSHALL, M.A., D.D. Miss CAROLINE HERFORD Rev. J. A. MEESON, M.A., LL.B. Miss MONICA HEYWOOD Professor J. H. MOULTON, M.A., D.Litt., Professor Sir T. H. HOLLAND, K.C.I.E., D.C.L. D.Sc., F.R.S. Rev. W. L. WARDLE, M.A., B.D. J. H. HOPKINSON, M.A. HONORARY SECRETARIES : Professor M. A. CANNEY, M.A. (Editor-Secretary). Miss W. M. CROMPTON (Treasurer-Secretary). OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY : Sir FRANK FORBES ADAM Miss JACKSON P. J. ANDERSON, LL.B. Miss GLADYS KAY Dr. ASHWORTH Miss JANET KIRK Sir W. H. BAILEY HENRY KIRKPATRICK Dr. C. J. BALL Miss E. F. KNOTT J. R. BARLOW Rev. N. H. LOUWYCK Miss A. E. F. BARLOW E. C. LOWE Dr. J. S. BLACK J. H. LYNDE Miss. E. E. BOUGHEY J. MAGUIRE J. H. BRAY E. W. MELLAND E. R. BRAYSHAW C. F. PENDLEBURY Miss M. BURTON Miss E. PESKETT WM. BURTON EVAN ROBERTS, Jn. Mrs. CAWTHORNE Mrs. ROBINOW Miss CAWTHORNE Miss M. ROEDER Professor R. S. CONWAY H. LING ROTH Mrs. CONWAY J. P. SCOTT Dr. DONALD CORE Misliss JULIA SHARPE Professor T. W. DAVIES Mrs. SALIS SIMON W. J. DEAN Rev. D. C. SIMPSON Miss S. L. DENDY Mrs. ELLIOT SMITH Professor A. C. DICKIE Mrs. R. W. SOUTHERN, Jn. Mrs. DREYFUS Rev. W. T. STONESTKEET Mrs. ECKHARD Rev. D. E. STURT Miss FALKNER W. M. TATTERSALL M. H. FARBRIDGE G. W. TAYLOR N. FlNCHAM J. C. TAYLOR Col. PHILIP FLETCHER Rev. w. THOMAS Mrs. PHILIP FLETCHER T. G. TURNER Miss K. HALLIDAY Rev. J. BARTON TURNER J. HARDING Professor G. UNWIN J. S. HARDMAN C. E. WHOMES Mrs. JESSE HAWORTH Miss K. WILKINSON H. A. HENDERSON Miss L. E. WILKINSON Professor S. J . HlCKSON D. WIPER Mrs HOPE W. HOGG R. B. WOODS J. D. HUGHES G. S. WOOLLEY G. W. HUXLEY G. H. YOUATT vii. CONTENTS PAGE List of Officers and Members of the Society v. Editorial Note ix. Objects of the Society I Position of the Society at the end of Session 1912-13 3 Proceedings of the Session 5 Prof. W. M. Flinders Petrie on Amulets 5 Prof. Elliot Smith on Mr. J. E. Quibell's excavation work 8 Mr. H. R. Hall, M.A., on early Cretan and Egyptian Civilization 1 1 Mr. Jesse Haworth on the progress of Egyptology in Manchester 12 Dr. Alan Gardiner on Theban tombs 18 The Rev. R. Travers Herford on the Continuity of Pharisaism ... 19 Dr. J. T. Marshall on Aramaic Papyri 22 Mr. L. W. King, M.A., on Rock Inscriptions 26 News from Excavators 29 The Jesse Haworth Building 31 Statement of Receipts and Expenditure 32 Special Articles 33 The Land of Alashiya and the Relations of Egypt and Cyprus under the Empire (1500-1100 B.C.). By H. R.Hall, M.A. ... 33 Kummukh and Commagene. By L. W. King, M.A. 47 A Political Crime in Ancient Egypt. By Alan H. Gardiner, D.Litt. $7 Religion of the Achsemenid Kings. By L. C. Casartelli (Bishop ofSalford) 65 The Ancient History of the Near East. A Review. By The Rev. C. L. Bedale, M.A 69 Notes on Philology, etc 73 The Word Abnet in Hebrew. By Maurice H. Farbridge and M. A. Canney, M.A 73 The Rite of Circumcision. By G. Elliot Smith, M.A., M.D., F.R.S. 75 The Origin and Meaning of the Dolmen. By G. Elliot Smith, M.A., M.D., F.R.S. 76 The Earliest Evidence of Attempts at Mummification in Egypt. By G. Elliott Smith, M.A., M.D., F.R.S. 77 IX. EDITORIAL NOTE. AT a joint meeting of the Manchester Egyptian Association and the Manchester Oriental Society, held on October 14, 1912, it was decided to amalgamate the two bodies. It was resolved at the same time if possible to continue the publica- tion of a Journal. An appeal was made for Journal Members and for donations to a Special Publications Fund. The response to this appeal and the promise of support from the Publications Committee of the University have been such that a second number of the Journal now makes its appearance with the title The Journal of the Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society, and there is good reason to hope that the publication is now firmly established. The Manchester Egyptian Association, which was estab- lished in 1906, has published an annual Report since 1909. In 1912 the Manchester Oriental Society published a Journal in which papers read at its meetings and articles written specially for the Journal were printed. The present Journal represents a combination of special features in the publica- tions of the two parent bodies. It contains, as the Report of the Manchester Egyptian Association always has done, a X. fairly full account of the Proceedings of the Session and, appended to this and other information, specially written articles such as the Journal of the Oriental Society con- tained. In borrowing the most useful features from the periodical publications of the two parent bodies, the new Journal, we venture to think, has increased its interest and value. One omission perhaps needs a few words of explanation. The Report of the Egyptian Association contained a list of books on Egyptology. A list of books both Oriental and Egyptological would be too long to print in the Journal at present. We have decided, therefore, since members of the Association have found the list of books on Egyptology of great service, to print it separately, without adding at present a list of Oriental books. Our justification for this course is that, whereas lists of books on Egyptology are rare, good lists of Oriental books may be found in a number of well known Journals. M. A. CANNEY. THE UNIVERSITY, MANCHESTER, 30th September, 1913. OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. (i.) To discuss questions of interest with regard to the lan- guages, literatures, history and archaeology of Egypt and the Orient. (ii.) To help the work of the excavating societies in any way possible. (iii.) To issue, if possible, a Journal. If this is not possible, to print at least a Report, including abstracts of the papers read at the meetings of the Society. 1 SUBSCRIPTIONS. (a) For ordinary members, 5s. per annum (student members, 2s. 6d.) (b) For Journal members, I0s. 6d., of which 5s. 6d. is assigned to the Special Publications Fund. PUBLICATIONS. Journal of the Manchester Oriental Society for 1911, published 1912... 55. Od. net. Journal of the Manchester Oriental and Egyptian Society for IQI2, published 1913 5s.od.net. The more important articles can be purchased separately. Manchester Egyptian Association Report, 1909 1912 each Os. 3d.net. Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society Report, 1912-13 Is. 6d. net. 1 There is a Special Publications Fund, for which subscriptions and donations are invited. REPORT OF THE MANCHESTER EGYPTIAN P ORIENTAL SOCIETY 1913 POSITION OF THE SOCIETY AT END OF SESSION 1912-13. TEN meetings were held during the session, the result of amalgamation being to increase the number. The experiment of advertising the meetings very freely was made, but the attendance does not justify the continuance of the increased expenditure in another session. The number of members is 107. We have to deplore the death of one member, Mr. Walter L. Behrens. There have been six resignations, chiefly caused by departures from the neighbourhood. We are now deprived of the presence and help of Professor R. M. Burrows by his acceptance of the post of Principal of King's College, London, but he has accepted the position of a Vice-President of our body, and continues to take an interest in our proceedings (see page 24f). Eighteen persons have joined since last October. At the joint meeting of the Manchester Egyptian Associa- tion and the Manchester Oriental Society, which decided in 4 REPORT " favour of amalgamation, the name resolved on was the Man- chester Egyptian and Oriental Association." It was found later that this title was unacceptable to many members of the Council, some of whom had been unavoidably prevented from attending the joint meeting.