Internal Displacement Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2010 Internally displaced people worldwide December 2010 Turkey FYR Macedonia 954,000– Russian Federation Armenia Azerbaijan Uzbekistan Turkmenistan 650 1,201,000 6,500–78,000 At least 8,000 Up to About 3,400 Undetermined 593,000 Serbia Kyrgyzstan About About 75,000 225,000 Georgia Kosovo Up to Afghanistan 18,300 258,000 At least 352,000 Croatia 2,300 Bosnia and Herzegovina 113,400 Cyprus Pakistan Up to 208,000 At least 980,000 Israel Nepal Undetermined About 50,000 Occupied Palestinian Territory At least 160,000 India At least 650,000 Algeria Undetermined Chad Bangladesh 171,000 Undetermined Iraq Senegal 2,800,000 Laos 10,000–40,000 Undetermined Mexico Syria Sri Lanka About 120,000 Liberia At least At least Undetermined 327,000 The Philippines 433,000 At least 15,000 Côte d´Ivoire Lebanon Undetermined At least 76,000 Guatemala Togo Yemen Myanmar Undetermined Undetermined About 250,000 At least 446,000 Eritrea Indonesia Niger About 10,000 About 200,000 Timor-Leste Colombia Undetermined Undetermined 3,600,000–5,200,000 Ethiopia Nigeria About Undetermined CAR 300,000 192,000 Peru Sudan Somalia About 150,000 4,500,000– Republic of About 1,500,000 5,200,000 the Congo Kenya Up to 7,800 About 250,000 DRC Uganda About At least 166,000 1,700,000 Rwanda Undetermined Angola Burundi Undetermined Up to 100,000 Zimbabwe 570,000–1,000,000 Internal Displacement Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2010 March 2011 Children at the displace- ment camp of Karehe. Displaced Burundians have been settled here by the government since 1998, but are still without a permanent solution. (Photo: IDMC/Barbara McCallin, November 2010) Contributors Authors and contributors: Sebastián Albuja, Ali Anwar, Christophe Beau, Nina M. Birkeland, Martina Caterina, Guillaume Charron, Simone Cosma, Véronique de Crouy, Rachel Dolores, Alice Farmer, Jacopo Giorgi, Anne-Kathrin Glatz, Kate Halff, Simone Holladay, Edmund Jennings, Cecilia Jimenez, Karim Khalil, Fred- erik Kok, Cristina Probst Lopez, Kim Mancini, Barbara McCallin, Marzia Monte- murro, Laura Perez, Katinka Ridderbos, Jacob Rothing, Jacqueline Shahinian, Nuur Mohamud Sheekh, Nina Sluga, Arnhild Spence, Nadine Walicki, Michelle Yonetani, Greta Zeender Editorial Committee Members: Nina M. Birkeland, Guillaume Charron, Kate Halff, Edmund Jennings, Cecilia Jimenez, Barbara McCallin, Kavita Shukla Editors: Nina M. Birkeland and Edmund Jennings Project Manager: Kavita Shukla Maps, design and layout: Rachel Dolores Designer: Laris(s)a, laris-s-a.com Printing: SRO-Kundig, Geneva Cover photo: Internally displaced people in Jalal-Abad, Kyrgyzstan, in front of homes and businesses destroyed in violence which broke out between communities there in 2010. (Photo: UNHCR/S. Schuler, February 2010) Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Norwegian Refugee Council Chemin de Balexert 7–9, CH-1219 Châtelaine (Geneva), Switzerland Tel : +41 22 799 07 00 Fax : +41 22 799 07 01 www.internal-displacement.org With thanks IDMC thanks the donors who supported its work in 2010 and thereby made it possible to produce this report: The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), USA‘s USAID, the UK‘s DFID, Austra- lia‘s AusAID, Sweden’s SIDA, the Swiss FDFA, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Canada’s DFAIT, Stichting Vluchteling, the Liechtenstein MFA, the Luxembourg MFA, the German MFA, the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Office (ECHO), Tides Foundation and other supporters. About this report This Global Overview begins with a section on quantitative The maps and tables are intended to make the essential global figures and trends, followed by discussion of some the- information on a situation of internal displacement accessible at mes which came to the fore in 2010. These are followed by five a glance. A key to the maps and symbols can be found on the regional sections bringing together summaries of the internal inside of the flap on the back cover. On some country pages, displacement situations in the regions’ affected countries. where the maps are blank or have only one type of shading, there is too little information to be able to specify areas of Note on figures and information origin, displacement or both. New displacements and returns in 2010 are noted where The findings of this report are based on IDMC’s monitoring they were specifically reported; however the actual number in 2010 of internal displacement situations caused by armed of new displacements or returns may well be higher. Reports conflict, generalised violence and human rights violations. of returns do not necessarily indicate that IDPs have found IDMC has compiled data from national governments, UN durable solutions to their displacement. and other international organisations, national and international In the quick facts section, the estimated number of IDPs is NGOs, human rights organisations and media reports. It has rounded (for example, to the nearest hundred or ten thousand) also gathered information during field missions to a number according to the size of the population displaced. of countries in 2010. Where the estimated number is given, the percentage of the While all efforts have been made to present the most ac- country population is also included. Percentages are based on curate and updated information, in many countries with inter- the country population figures listed inUNFPA ’s State of World nal displacement there is only limited or outdated information Population 2010 at www.unfpa.org/swp. It should be noted available on the number of IDPs and their conditions. This is that there is some uncertainty over the population of several particularly the case in situations where there has been little countries in this report and using other available population or no monitoring of the conditions of IDPs, and where disag- estimates would give significantly different percentage results. gregated data is unavailable because profiling of the internally In countries where the number of IDPs has been significantly displaced population has not been carried out. Information larger in the past, the highest recorded number and year are noted. on IDP settlement options and their achievement of durable The causes of displacement listed include armed conflict, solutions also remains very limited. situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights, and deliberate policies or practices of arbitrary displacement. Guide to country pages The UNDP’s Human Development Index ranking gives an idea of the level of development of a country based on the The country pages include short summaries of the internal dis- population’s life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment, placement situation in countries monitored by IDMC in 2010. A and the gross domestic product per capita. Countries with a few countries mentioned in the regional annexes do not have ranking of up to 85 are considered highly developed, and those corresponding country pages, because there is little or no new with a ranking between 128 and 169 are the least developed information on changes in the internal displacement situation countries in the list. A small number of countries facing ongoing in these countries since the end of 2009. More information on conflict are not ranked. these countries can be found at the IDMC website: http://www.internal-displacement.org Glossary AU African Union Afghanistan EU European Union ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IOM International Organization for Migration OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Quick facts Humanitarian Affairs Number of IDPs At least 352,000 OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Percentage of total population At least 1.2% RSG on IDPs Representative of the UN Secretary-General on Start of current displacement situation 2001 the human rights of internally displaced persons Peak number of IDPs (Year) 1,200,000 (2002) UNDP United Nations Development Programme New displacement About 102,000 UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme Causes of displacement Armed conflict, ge- UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner neralised violence, hu- for Refugees man rights violations UNICEF United Nations Children‘s Fund Human development index 155 UNSC United Nations Security Council WFP United Nations World Food Programme Contents Key findings . 8 Introduction . 11 Global developments in 2010. 12 Global figures and trends . 13 Understanding the needs and concerns of IDPs . 19 Why IDPs are at risk. 22 The struggle to reach durable solutions. 28 National and international responses . 32 Internal displacement in Africa . 36 Internal displacement in Europe and Central Asia . 57 Internal displacement in the Americas . 69 Internal displacement in the Middle East . 75 Internal displacement in South and South-East Asia . 83 Internal displacement and natural disasters . 96 Key findings Facts and figures Number of people internally displaced by conflict or 27.5 million violence as of December 2010 Most affected region Africa (11.1 million IDPs in 21 countries) Regions with an increase in the number of IDPs since The Americas; Europe and Central Asia; Middle East; South 2010 and South-East Asia Countries with over a million people identified as IDPs Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Iraq, Somalia, Sudan Countries with over a million people identified as IDPs Colombia, DRC, Sudan throughout the decade ending in 2010 Number of countries with new internal displacement in 20