Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2020 Physical activity and sedentary behavior in depression Maria Perez Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Recommended Citation Perez, Maria, "Physical activity and sedentary behavior in depression" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17995. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17995 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Physical activity and sedentary behavior in depression by Maria Lourdes Perez A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Kinesiology Program of Study Committee: Jacob Meyer, Co-major Professor Laura Ellingson-Sayen, Co-major Professor Marian Kohut Daniel Russell Loreto Prieto The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2020 Copyright © Maria Lourdes, Perez, 2020. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................v CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................1 References ............................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................................................16 Acute Exercise on Mood States and Depressive Symptoms ................................................... 16 Chronic Exercise on Mood States and Depressive Symptoms ................................................ 20 Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior .............................................................................. 22 Physical Activity and Depression ...................................................................................... 22 Sedentary Behavior and Depression ................................................................................... 25 Inflammation, Glucocorticoid Resistance, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Depression ............................................................................................................................... 28 Inflammation ...................................................................................................................... 28 Inflammation, Depression, Physical activity, and Sedentary Behavior ............................. 31 Glucocorticoid Resistance and Inflammation .................................................................... 36 Suicidal Ideation, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior ................................................. 40 Summary of Current Research and Future Directions ....................................................... 42 CHAPTER 3. METHODS .............................................................................................................44 Methods for Study 1 ................................................................................................................ 44 Participants ......................................................................................................................... 44 Procedures .......................................................................................................................... 45 Measures ............................................................................................................................. 47 Sedentary Time ............................................................................................................. 47 Depressive Symptoms ................................................................................................... 49 Pain ................................................................................................................................ 49 Statistical Analyses ............................................................................................................ 49 Methods for Study 2 ................................................................................................................ 51 Participants ......................................................................................................................... 51 Procedures .......................................................................................................................... 52 Measures ............................................................................................................................. 52 Depression Diagnosis and Severity ............................................................................... 52 Objective Physical Activity and Sedentary time ........................................................... 52 Inflammation and Glucocorticoid Resistance ............................................................... 53 Analyses ............................................................................................................................. 54 Methods for Study 3 ................................................................................................................ 56 Participants ......................................................................................................................... 57 Procedures .......................................................................................................................... 58 Measures ............................................................................................................................. 58 Depression ..................................................................................................................... 58 Suicidal Ideation ........................................................................................................... 59 Physical Activity and Sedentary Time .......................................................................... 59 iii Statistical Analyses ............................................................................................................ 60 Descriptive Analyses ..................................................................................................... 61 Primary Analyses ............................................................................................................... 61 Secondary Analyses ........................................................................................................... 61 References ............................................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 4. DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING AN INTERVENTION TO CHANGE SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR ........................................................................................65 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 65 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 66 Methods ................................................................................................................................... 68 Participants ......................................................................................................................... 69 Procedures .......................................................................................................................... 69 Measures ............................................................................................................................. 72 Sedentary Time ............................................................................................................. 72 Depressive Symptoms ................................................................................................... 74 Pain ................................................................................................................................ 74 Statistical Analyses ....................................................................................................... 74 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 76 Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 79 Limitations and Strengths ................................................................................................... 82 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 83 References ............................................................................................................................... 83 Appendix ................................................................................................................................