Animal Science/Dairy Science 434! Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy! Reproductive Physiology Female Anatomy Learning Objectives! Equine - Horse! • To be able to describe the female Male! Stallion! Female! Mare! reproductive system in cattle. » Structure » Function Updated:9/2/13 Bovine - Cattle! Ovine - Sheep! Male! Bull! Female! Cow! Male! Ram! Female! Ewe! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Porcine - Swine - Pig! Avian - Chicken! Male! Rooster! Female! Hen! Male! Boar! Female! Sow! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Uterine Body! Uterine Horn! Uterine Horn! Rectum! Ovary! Ovary! Uterus! Oviduct! Vulva! Oviduct! Cervix! Ovary! Bladder! Vagina! Pelvis! Vagina! Bladder! Cervix! Oviduct! Urethra! Broad Ligament! Clitoris! Vulva! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Broad Broad Ligament! Ligament! • Mesometrium! » Supports Uterus! • Mesosalpinx! • connective tissue » Supports Oviduct! sheet which • Mesovarium! supports and » Supports Ovary! suspends the reproductive tract BL - Broad Ligament! UH - Uterine Horn! O - Ovary! OD - Oviduct! Updated:9/2/13 Ovary! Ovary - Primary Sex Organ! Follicle! - Estrogen, Oocyte! • Functions » Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone » Female gamete • Oocyte Corpus Luteum! Corpus Luteum! Progesterone! Progesterone! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Ruptured follicle! Tertiary follicle! Ovary! (ovulation)! Primary follicle! Germinal! Egg nest! Epithelium! Cortex! 85% of Ovarian ! Tertiary! Cancers! follicle! Medulla! Atretic follicle! Secondary Tunica! follicle! Albuginea! Blood and lymphatic! Vessels & nerves! Hilus! Corpus! Corpus albicans! }" Corpus luteum! hemorrhagicum! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Ruptured follicle! Tertiary follicle! Ruptured follicle! Tertiary follicle! (ovulation)! Primary follicle! (ovulation)! Primary follicle! Tertiary! Tertiary! follicle! follicle! Atretic follicle! Atretic follicle! Secondary Secondary follicle! follicle! Corpus! Corpus albicans! Corpus! Corpus albicans! Corpus luteum! Corpus luteum! hemorrhagicum! hemorrhagicum! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Ruptured follicle! Tertiary follicle! Primordial Follicle! Primary follicle! Follicle Cells! (ovulation)! •!Flattened cells " Nucleus! surround oocyte! Tertiary! follicle! Primary Follicle ! Ooplasma! •!Increase in size of oocyte and" Follicular Cells! height of follicular cells! Atretic follicle! Secondary follicle! Secondary Oocyte! •!Surrounded by several" follicle! layers of follicular cells! Tertiary follicle ! •!Follicle forms a fluid" Corpus! Corpus albicans! filled cavity! Corpus luteum! hemorrhagicum! •!Differentiation of cell layers" Antrum! Updated:9/2/13 in the follicle wall! Tertiary Follicle! Tertiary Follicle! Theca Externa! Theca Interna! Antrum! (Follicular Fluid)! Theca Interna! Granulosa! Basement! Membrane! Oocyte! Cumulus! Granulosa! Oophorus! Oocyte! Antrum! Updated:9/2/13 Cumulus Oophorus! Updated:9/2/13 Follicular Blood Supply! Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes Theca interna cells! to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Basement Membrane! ! Granulosa cells! Serosa! Capillary! Follicular! network! fluid! Submucosa! Lumen! Longitudinal smooth! muscle layer! Circular smooth! Mucosa! muscle layer! Muscularis! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Uterine Horn! Functions of Oviduct! Isthmus! •! Gamete Transport Utero-Tubal Junction! »!Sperm Oviduct! »!Oocyte Ampullary-Isthmic! Junction! •! Supports early Ampulla! embryo development Infundibulum! (20 - 30 cm2)! •! Transport of embryo Ostium! to uterus Cumulus Oophorus! and Oocyte! Fimbria! Ovary! Follicle! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Oviduct! Oviduct! Oviduct Histology! Functions of the Uterus! •! Muscle contractions Mucosa! »!Transport sperm •!Ciliated Columnar! »!Expel fetus and placenta •!Nonciliated Columnar! •! Absorption and phagocytosis •! Partially prepares sperm for fertilization »!capacitation •! Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth •! Hormone production »!Prostaglandin F2α production Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 horn! Uterus (bovine)! Uterus! body! •!Bicornuate »!poorly to moderately developed uterine horns cervix! »!uterine body »!one cervix Updated:9/2/13 Uterine Histology! Uterine Histology! Mucosa! Endometrium! Endometrial! Endometrium! Gland! Submucosa" Myometrium! Endometrial! Perimetrium! Updated:9/2/13 Perimetrium! Myometrium! Glands! Updated:9/2/13 COW! Functions of the Cervix! Uterine Body! •!Cervix is composed Internal Cervical Os! •! Transport of sperm of thick connective tissue! •! Barrier to sperm (species dependent) •! Mucus is secreted •! Reservoir for sperm near the time of Cervix! breeding and •! Blocking bacterial invasion during Cow has 4-5! ovulation.! pregnancy annular rings! •! Birth canal External Cervical Os! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Vagina! External Cervical Os! Functions of the Vagina! Vagina! Anterior Vagina! Posterior Vagina (Vestibule)! Cervix! ! Copulatory organ • Fornix! •! Glands secrete lubrication Vulva- •! Birth canal Vaginal Sphincter! Stratified! •! Glands secrete pheromones Columnar! Squamous! Epithelium! Urethra! Epithelium! Mucosa! Submucosa! Submucosa! Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 Posterior Vaginal Histology! Function of External Genitalia! •! Labia »!Closes entrance to vagina Stratified Squamous! Epithelium! •! Clitoris »!Female sensory organ Mucosa! Updated:9/2/13 Submucosa! Updated:9/2/13 External Genitalia of the Cow! Phenomena For Fertility! •! vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth Anus! •! female bedbug - no vagina Vulva! •! hysterectomy - if woman went to long Labia! without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses Clitoris! •! hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false Labia! scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male Updated:9/2/13 Updated:9/2/13 .