PROJECT PENGUIN Robotic Lunar Crater Resource Prospecting VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE & STATE UNIVERSITY Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace & Ocean Engineering TEAM LEAD Allison Quinn STUDENT MEMBERS Ethan LeBoeuf Brian McLemore Peter Bradley Smith Amanda Swanson Michael Valosin III Vidya Vishwanathan FACULTY SUPERVISOR AIAA 2018 Undergraduate Spacecraft Design Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Competition Submission i AIAA Member Numbers and Signatures Ethan LeBoeuf Brian McLemore Member Number: 918782 Member Number: 908372 Allison Quinn Peter Bradley Smith Member Number: 920552 Member Number: 530342 Amanda Swanson Michael Valosin III Member Number: 920793 Member Number: 908465 Vidya Vishwanathan Dr. Kevin Shinpaugh Member Number: 608701 Member Number: 25807 ii Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................................vi List of Symbols ........................................................................................................................................................... vii I. Team Structure ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 II. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 A. Background & Motivation ................................................................................................................................ 2 B. Problem Definition ........................................................................................................................................... 4 C. Scope ................................................................................................................................................................ 4 D. Requirements .................................................................................................................................................... 5 E. Crater Location ................................................................................................................................................. 6 III. Mission Architecture Decision ................................................................................................................................ 8 A. Two Rover System ConOps ............................................................................................................................. 9 B. Pod System Launched from Orbit ConOps .................................................................................................... 10 C. Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 IV. Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 12 V. Lunar Surface.......................................................................................................................................................... 15 A. Requirements .................................................................................................................................................. 15 B. System Overview............................................................................................................................................ 16 C. Rover Instrumentation .................................................................................................................................... 17 D. Rover Structure ............................................................................................................................................... 22 E. Rover Navigation and Guidance ..................................................................................................................... 25 F. Rover Power ................................................................................................................................................... 28 G. Rover Thermal ................................................................................................................................................ 31 H. Rover Communication .................................................................................................................................... 33 I. Rover Dust Mitigation System ....................................................................................................................... 37 J. Rover Avionics ............................................................................................................................................... 37 K. Rover Operations ............................................................................................................................................ 38 L. Mass Budget ................................................................................................................................................... 40 VI. Entry, Descent, & Landing .................................................................................................................................... 41 A. EDL Trajectory ............................................................................................................................................... 41 B. Requirements .................................................................................................................................................. 43 C. System Overview............................................................................................................................................ 44 D. Lander Structure ............................................................................................................................................. 45 E. Lander Propulsion .......................................................................................................................................... 47 F. Lander Guidance, Navigation, and Control .................................................................................................... 51 G. Lander Power ................................................................................................................................................. 53 H. Lander Thermal .............................................................................................................................................. 53 iii I. Lander Avionics ............................................................................................................................................. 55 J. Mass Budget ................................................................................................................................................... 56 VII. Earth to Lunar Transfer ........................................................................................................................................ 58 A. Requirements .................................................................................................................................................. 58 B. Launch Vehicle Selection ............................................................................................................................... 58 C. Transfer Trajectory ......................................................................................................................................... 60 D. System Overview............................................................................................................................................ 67 E. Orbiter Structure ............................................................................................................................................. 68 F. Orbiter Propulsion .......................................................................................................................................... 69 G. Orbiter Power ................................................................................................................................................. 71 H. Orbiter Thermal .............................................................................................................................................. 72 I. Orbiter Communication .................................................................................................................................. 73 J. Orbiter ADCS ................................................................................................................................................. 78 K. Mass Budget ................................................................................................................................................... 80 VIII. Systems Analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 82 A. Mission Mass Budget ..................................................................................................................................... 82 B. Mission Cost Budget .....................................................................................................................................