Copyright © 2021 David Forrest Mills All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including preservation or instruction without limitation. EXTRA ECCLESIAM NULLA SALUS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECCLESIOLOGY AND SOTERIOLOGY FOR CYPRIAN OF CARTHAGE __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by David Forrest Mills May 2021 APPROVAL SHEET EXTRA ECCLESIAM NULLA SALUS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECCLESIOLOGY AND SOTERIOLOGY FOR CYPRIAN OF CARTHAGE David Forrest Mills Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin (Chair) __________________________________________ Stephen O. Presley __________________________________________ Gregg R. Allison Date______________________________ For my Lord Jesus Christ and my darling wife Anna Vos amo, et vobis gratias ago. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE .......................................................................................................................... ix PART 1: PROLEGOMENA ........................................................................................1 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................2 Thesis ..................................................................................................................3 Methodology .......................................................................................................3 State of the Question ...........................................................................................4 Significance .........................................................................................................9 Argument ..........................................................................................................12 Summary of Chapters ........................................................................................17 2. DE ECCLESIAE CATHOLICAE UNITATE .........................................................19 Introduction .......................................................................................................19 Occasion and Purpose .......................................................................................20 De ecclesiae catholicae unitate 1–3 ..................................................................23 De ecclesiae catholicae unitate 4–5 ..................................................................25 De ecclesiae catholicae unitate 6–22 ................................................................30 De ecclesiae catholicae unitate 23–27 ..............................................................46 Conclusion ........................................................................................................49 v Chapter Page PART 2: THE CHURCH AND SATISFACTION ...................................................51 3. THE CROSS AND ATONEMENT .....................................................................52 Introduction .......................................................................................................52 State of the Question .........................................................................................52 Cyprian and His Theology ................................................................................56 Hamartiology and Pneumatology ............................................................ 56 Christology .............................................................................................. 66 Cyprian and the Atonement ..............................................................................69 Christus Victor ......................................................................................... 69 Penal Substitution .................................................................................. 733 Conclusion ........................................................................................................79 4. WORKS AND SATISFACTION .........................................................................80 Introduction .......................................................................................................80 The State of the Question ..................................................................................80 Satisfactio in Late Antiquity .............................................................................84 Good Works in De opere et eleemosynis ..........................................................89 Good Works in Cyprian’s Other Writings ....................................................1000 Conclusion ......................................................................................................102 5. REPENTANCE AND RECONCILIATION ......................................................103 Introduction .....................................................................................................103 Paenitentia in Late Antiquity ........................................................................1044 Ecclesial Reconciliation in De lapsis ..............................................................105 Ecclesial Reconciliation in Cyprian’s Letters .................................................115 Conclusion ....................................................................................................1266 vi Chapter Page PART 3: THE SACRAMENTS AND SALVATION .............................................130 6. BAPTISM, THE CHURCH, AND SALVATION .............................................131 Introduction .....................................................................................................131 Baptism and Salvation ....................................................................................133 Baptism and the Church ..................................................................................146 Tradition and Experience ................................................................... 15050 Scripture and Baptism ............................................................................ 153 The Church and Rebaptism ................................................................... 157 The Bishop and the Holy Spirit ............................................................. 168 Conclusion ....................................................................................................1755 7. THE EUCHARISTS, THE CHURCH, AND SALVATION .............................177 Introduction .....................................................................................................177 Memorial Sacrifice ........................................................................................1777 Subjective Effects............................................................................................183 Valid Administration .......................................................................................189 Conclusion ......................................................................................................199 PART 4: THE CHURCH AND SALVATION .......................................................200 8. THE BISHOP, THE CHURCH, AND SALVATION .......................................201 Introduction ...................................................................................................2011 The Bishop and the Church .............................................................................202 Govern the Visible Church .................................................................... 202 Symbolize the Spiritual Church ............................................................. 205 Equal Authority ..................................................................................... 208 Autonomous Authority .......................................................................... 212 Limited Authority .................................................................................. 215 vii Chapter Page The Bishop and Salvation ...............................................................................222 Administer the Sacraments .................................................................... 222 Guard the Unity ..................................................................................... 227 Delegate Some Ministries ...................................................................... 229 Conclusion ......................................................................................................232 9. EXTENT OF SALVATION ...............................................................................233 Introduction .....................................................................................................233 A New Interpretation of Cyprian ....................................................................237 Extent of Salvation for Cyprian ......................................................................243 His Treatises and Letters ....................................................................... 244 The Reinterpreted Passages ................................................................... 250 Conclusion ......................................................................................................253 10. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................254