FAMILY Ginglymostomatidae Gill, 1862 - nurse sharks [=Ginglymostomatoidae, Nebriinae, Nebrodinae] Notes: Ginglymostomatoidae Gill, 1862p:393, 406 [ref. 1783] (family) Ginglymostoma [changed to Ginglymostomidae by Gill 1893b:130 [ref. 26255], confirmed by Jordan 1923a:98 [ref. 2421]; original stem Ginglymostomat- confirmed by Whitley 1940a:68 [ref. 4700], Nelson 1994:46 [ref 26204] and by Compagno 2001:188 [ref. 26323]] Nebriinae Fowler, 1934a:238 [ref. 1416] (subfamily) Nebrius [preoccupied by Nebriini in Coleoptera, invalid, Article 55.3] Nebrodinae Fowler 1934b:163 [ref. 32669] (subfamily) Nebrodes [junior objective synonym of Nebriinae] GENUS Ginglymostoma Müller & Henle, 1837 - nurse sharks [=Ginglymostoma Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.], 1837:113] Notes: [ref. 3067]. Neut. Squalus cirratus Bonnaterre, 1788. Type by subsequent designation. Dates to 1837:113 without species; species added by Müller & Henle 1838:22 [ref. 3069]. Type designated by Jordan & Gilbert 1883:18 [ref. 2476] (and possibly by Bonaparte 1839:11 of separate [ref. 4979]). Ginglimostoma, Gynglimostoma and Gingylostoma are misspellings. •Valid as Ginglymostoma Müller & Henle, 1837 -- (Springer 1973:18 [ref. 7162], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:93 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:204 [ref. 6474], Bass 1986:64 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:79 [ref. 6348], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:42 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:477 [ref. 25589], Goto 2001:83 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:191 [ref. 26323], Compagno 2003:440 [ref. 26984], Castro 2011:183 [ref. 31457], Moore et al. 2012:12 [ref. 31771]). Current status: Valid as Ginglymostoma Müller & Henle, 1837. Ginglymostomatidae. Species Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) - nurse shark [=Squalus cirratus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Broussonet), 1788:7, Squalus argus Bancroft [E. N.], 1832:82, Ginglymostoma caboverdianus de Brito Capello [F.], 1867:167, Squalus cirrhatus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:128, Scyllium cirrhosum Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.], 1834:opp. p. 600, Pl. 30, Ginglymostoma fulvum Poey [F.], 1861:342, Pl. 19 (figs. 15-16), Squalus punctatus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:134, Squalus punctulatus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1800:119, 120, Pl. 4 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Jamaica, Caribbean Sea, western Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Distribution: Tropical and subtropical eastern and western Atlantic, and eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (argus) [Zoological Journal, London v. 5 (1832-34); ref. 15972] Jamaica. Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. (caboverdianus) [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 14041] [Ilha de S. Thiago de Cabo Verde] Santiago Island, Cape Verde Islands, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. (cirrhatus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Western America and Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. (cirrhosum) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. (fulvum) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. (punctatus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] American seas [Cuba]. Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. (punctulatus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 2; ref. 2709] Cayenne, French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. GENUS Nebrius Rüppell, 1837 - nurse sharks [=Nebrius Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1837:62, Nebrodes Garman [S.], 1913:56] Notes: [ref. 3844]. Masc. Nebrius concolor Rüppell, 1837. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Nebris Rüppell, 1837 -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:8 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:65 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:80 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:90 [ref. 12442], Compagno 1999:477 [ref. 25589], Goto 2001:84 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:195 [ref. 26323], Compagno et al. 2005:22 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:128 [ref. 28997], Kimura 2009:9 [ref. 30426], Castro 2011:183 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Valid as Nebrius Rüppell, 1837. Ginglymostomatidae. (Nebrodes) [ref. 1545]. Masc. Nebrius concolor Rüppell, 1837. Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded replacement for Nebrius Rüppell, 1835, not preoccupied by Nebria Latreille, 1802 in insects or Nebris Cuvier in fishes. •Objective synonym of Nebrius Rüppell, 1837 -- (Compagno 1984:207 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:80 [ref. 6348], Goto 2001:84 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:195 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Nebrius Rüppell, 1837. Ginglymostomatidae. Species Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) - rusty shark, tawny nurse shark, tawny shark [=Scyllium ferrugineum Lesson [R. P.], 1831:95, Nebrius concolor Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1837:62, Pl. 17 (fig. 2), Nebrius doldi Smith [J. L. B.], 1953:512, Fig. 30a, Squalus kumal Forsskål [P. S.], 1775:x, Nebrodes macrurus Garman [S.], 1913:58, Pl. 8 (figs. 7-10), Ginglymostoma muelleri Günther [A.], 1870:408, Nebrodes concolor ogilbyi Whitley [G. P.], 1934:183, 198, Fig. 1, Scymnus porosus Ehrenberg [C. G.], in Klunzinger, 1871:670, Ginglymostoma rueppellii Bleeker [P.], 1852:83] Notes: [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Port Praslin, New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago; Offack Bay, Waigeo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (concolor) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. (doldi) [The sea fishes of southern Africa. Revised enlarged edition; ref. 19760] South of Beira, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine (kumal) [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. (macrurus) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Port Louis Harbor, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. (muelleri) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] India. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. (ogilbyi) [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 10 (pt 4); ref. 4949] Erub [= Darnley] Island, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. (porosus) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. (rueppellii) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3; ref. 16832] Singapore. Current status: Synonym of Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831). Ginglymostomatidae. Habitat: marine. GENUS Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus, 1986 - nurse sharks [=Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus [G.], 1986:240] Notes: [ref. 6118]. Neut. Ginglymostoma brevicaudatum Günther, 1867. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Author placed in family Rhincodontidae as redefined to include Ginglmostomatinae. •Synonym of Ginglymostoma Müller & Henle, 1832 -- (authors). •Valid as Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus, 1986 -- (Compagno1999:477 [ref. 25589], Goto 2001:84 [ref. 25912], Compagno 2001:199 [ref. 26323], Castro 2011:183 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Valid as Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus, 1986. Ginglymostomatidae. Species Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum (Günther, 1867) - short-tail nurse shark [=Ginglymostoma brevicaudatum Günther [A.], in Playfair & Günther, 1867:141, Pl. 21] Notes: [The fishes of Zanzibar; ref. 3490] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum (Günther, 1867). Ginglymostomatidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa to Seychelles and Mauritius (Mascarenes). Habitat: marine.