Islamic Republic of Pakistan The Ministry of Communications, National Highway Authority（NHA） Data Collection Survey on Road Landslide Measures in Pakistan Final Report January 2019 Japan International Cooperation Agency Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. 4R JR 19-002 Survey Area Survey Area Map Slope Prevention Short List Location Map Exchange Rate 1 USD = 113.385000 JPY 1 PKR = 0.848780 JPY PKR: Pakistan Rupee Source：JICA exchange rate, December, 2018 Photographs (1/2) Photograph 1: Project Discussion with the Photograph 2: Project Discussion with the NHA C&W Photograph 4: Presentation during seminar Photograph 3: Seminar (20th April 2018) (Right: NHA Chairman) Photograph 5: Site visit with NHA Photograph 6: Slope failure (N-15) Photographs (2/2) Photograph 7: Site visit with Japanese companies (N-75) Photograph 8: Site survey of slope failure along N-15 Photograph 9: Survey Area (N-15) Photograph 10: Debris flow (N-15) Photograph 11: Training in Japan Photograph 12: Discussion on DFR in NHA Table of Contents Photographs Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations 1 Outline of the Project .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope of the Project ................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Target Location ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Target Organizations ............................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Method of Survey ...................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Survey Schedule ........................................................................................................ 6 1.6 Survey Output ............................................................................................................ 7 1.6.1 Collect and analyze information on road landslides, currently used technologies, and institutional arrangements .................................................................................................... 7 1.6.2 Clarify the various road landslide issues observed on national and provincial roads .. 10 1.6.3 Discuss appropriate and available countermeasures and introduce Japan’s applied countermeasures against road landslides .......................................................................... 14 1.6.4 Formulate survey results for JICA’s further financial assistance to Pakistan............... 15 2 Information of Related Organizations ...........................................................23 2.1 Related Upstream Policies ...................................................................................... 23 2.1.1 Outline of Vision 2025 ....................................................................................................... 23 2.1.2 Outline of Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) .............................................. 24 2.2 National Highway Authority (NHA)..................................................................... 26 2.2.1 NHA in General .................................................................................................................. 26 2.2.2 NHA Five-year Development Plan 2018–2023 ............................................................. 27 2.2.3 NHA Road Operation and Maintenance Plan (2016–2017) ......................................... 28 2.2.4 Organization ........................................................................................................................ 29 2.3 NHA Budget for Road Construction and Maintenance ...................................... 34 2.3.1 Budget Plan for Road Construction and Maintenance ................................................... 34 2.3.2 Record of Road Construction and Maintenance ............................................................. 35 2.3.3 Record of Road Maintenance N-15, N-35 and N-75 in 2015 ....................................... 35 2.3.4 NHA Road Maintenance Account from Fiscal Year 2016–2017 ................................ 36 2.3.5 Comparison of Emergency Budget of the Total Budget for Roads with Other Countries36 2.4 Procurement Process for the Road Maintenance Works ..................................... 39 2.5 Large-Scale Road Landslide Countermeasures in N-75 ..................................... 41 2.6 Database of Road Landslide and Countermeasure Work Records .................... 42 2.7 Communication & Works (C&W) ........................................................................ 43 2.7.1 C&W in General ................................................................................................................. 43 2.7.2 C&W at PJ Government .................................................................................................... 43 2.7.3 C&W at KP Government .................................................................................................. 46 2.7.4 Budget Plan and Road Maintenance for C&W ............................................................... 49 2.8 Other Donors related to Landslides ....................................................................... 51 2.8.1 Landslide Data by NDMA in Target Area ...................................................................... 51 2.8.2 Frontier Works Organization (FWO) ............................................................................... 51 2.8.3 National Engineering Service in Pakistan (NESPAK) ................................................... 52 3 Information from Donors ................................................................................. 53 3.1 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ................................................ 53 3.1.1 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Emergency Rural Road Rehabilitation Project (Development Assistance Loans) ............................................................................................................... 53 3.1.2 East-West Road Improvement Project (N70) (I) (Development Assistance Loans) .. 53 3.1.3 Indus Highway Construction Project (III) (P) at Sindh Province (Development Assistance Loans) ................................................................................................................................... 54 3.1.4 Project for Technical Assistance on Implementation of Bridge Management System in NHA/2016.7-2019.4 (Technical Cooperation) ............................................................... 54 3.2 Asian Development Bank (ADB) ......................................................................... 56 3.2.1 Pakistan National Transport Policy and Master Plan...................................................... 56 3.2.2 Country Partnership Strategy, Sector Assessment Summary on Road Transport....... 56 3.3 World Bank (WB) .................................................................................................. 58 3.3.1 Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Emergency Roads Recovery Project Under the KP/FATA/ Balochistan Multi Donor Trust Fund with $8 million in 2011 to 2015 ........................ 58 3.3.2 Landslide Stabilization to Safeguard Civil Population and Infrastructure of Muzaffarabad City in October 2017 .......................................................................................................... 58 3.3.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provincial Roads improvement Project-Performance Based Maintenance (PBM) Pilot Project Component Oct. 2017 ............................................. 58 3.4 China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) ....................................................... 60 4 Current situation and Issues of Landslides and Landslide Countermeasures ............................................................................................................................ 62 4.1 Natural and Social Conditions of the Survey Target Area ................................. 62 4.1.1 Outline of Climatological, Geomorphological, and Geological Conditions of the Survey Target Area .......................................................................................................................... 63 4.1.2 Transport Infrastructure, Industry and Population of the Survey Target Area ............. 68 4.1.3 Landslide History of the Survey Target Area (Location Map of Road Landslides) ... 69 4.2 Selection Method to Narrow Down the Lists ...................................................... 74 4.3 Long List .................................................................................................................. 77 4.3.1 Road Landslide Types ........................................................................................................ 79 4.3.2 Topographic Interpretation ................................................................................................ 81 4.3.3 Field Survey using Simplified Slope Chart ...................................................................... 88 4.4 Countermeasures with assistance of donors ....................................................... 107 4.4.1 Situation of the Road Landslide along the Target Road ............................................... 107 4.4.2 Typical Road Landslides in Pakistan