noi 4,4 A11111 Ilk*** 3 A 10 . a I lab IP iisis sew isite .4 • 041441411. 14 41A wws - Iv 4111.810 Al 1164avo0w 1 1111. deterioration and conservation rome november 1977 ICCROM mosoce nol deterioration anc conservation rome november 1977 This report was published by the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property, (lCCROM), 13 Via di San Michele, Rome. The layout was done by Veronigue Demaret. Forrest Selvig edited this English edition. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This volume contains the proceedings of the First International Sym- posium on the Conservation of Mosaics which was held in Rome from 2 to 5 November 1977. It was produced by the collaboration of the following persons: Patricia Bonicatti Veronique Demaret Gael de Guichen Susan Inman Patricia Johnson Cynthia Rockwell Forrest Selvig The Symposium was made possible by grants generously given by UNESCO, the Direction des Musees de France and the Goethe-Institut. On behalf of all the participants, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to all those who made this symposium possible. ICCROM FOREWORD As an inter-governmental organization entrusted with the conservation and restoration of cultural property, ICCROM is happy to have conceived and organized this First International Symposium on the Conservation of Mosaics. Indeed, in almost every country that was formerly part of the ancient Roman world, wall or pavement mosaics are often poorly main- tained after their discovery. This leads to the rapid disappearance of unique parts of our patrimony. Awareness of this problem iš necessary at all leve!s: on the technical level so that conservators share their experiences and criticize and improve, if necessary, older methods and techniques; among archaeologists so that they recognize• that a newly discovered mosaic is a mosaic in danger and that their duty toward it does not end with scholarly study and publication. Conservation is surely one of the archaeologist's duties. Though it may be difficult, it is no less imperative; among administrators who must understand the importance of this patrimony, be interested in it, and budget adequately for its conservation; on the public level so that specialists responsible for conservation receive support from both groups and individuals. It is the public, 'after all, that benefits and is served by the world-wide conservation movement. We dare hope that each participant, upon returning to his own country, will work to spread the ideas that have been exchanged at this meeting, and that, in this way,the mosaics discovered will be transmitted intact to future generations. • Bernard M. Feilden, Director, ICCROM 1 September 1978 Sources of illustrations All photographs were furnished by the authors of the plate, E. Ritter, 12, Dietz-Demus, Byzantine Mosaics, fig 67, respective papers except for the following: paper by 13 and 16, plates, M. Skiadaresis, 14 and 15, Ecole Pratique Irina Andreescu, 1, plate, Archivio di Stato, Venice, 2 and des Hautes Etudes, Paris, from Dietz-Demus, op. cit.. 11, plates, Dietmar Saretz, 3 - 8, plates, Soprintendenza figs. 89 - 90; paper by Paul Phjlippot. photographs furnished ai Monumenti, Trieste, 9, plate, Collection Chretienne et by Gael de Guichen; paper by Ciro Robotti, and cover, Byzantine, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, 10, Archivio, Soprintendenza Archeologica di Ostia. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Maria Luisa Abreu Nunes Conservation technician, Museu Nacional de Arqueologia e Etnologia, R. Tenente Ferreira Durao, 55 - 3 Esq., Lisbon, Portugal Margaret Alexander Professor and Co-Director, Corpus of the Mosaics of Tunis, Department of Classics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A. lrina Andreescu Assistant Professor of Byzantine Archaeology, Center for Byzantine Studies, Dumbarton Oaks, 1703 Thirty-second Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, U.S.A. Elisabetta Anselmi Restorer, Istituto Centrale del Restauro, Piazza San Francesco di Paola 9, 00186 Rome, Italy Vincenzo Antonelli Soprintendenza Beni Ambientali ed Architettonici di Venezia, Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy Claude Bassier Restorer, Sauvetage Archéologique, SOCRA, Quartier des Usines du Toulon, 24000 Perigueux, France Luisa Bertacchi Director, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Via Roma 1, Aquileia (Udine), Italy Malika Boutira Direction des Beaux Arts, 119 rue Didouche Mourane, Algiers, Algeria Gianfranco Bustacchini Restorer, Accademia di Belle Arti, Ravenna, Italy Paolo Cozzi Restorer, Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Via degli Alfani 78, 50121 Florence, Italy 7 Anne Destrooper Archaeologist, Universite Catholique de Louvain, C/o Anna Kabanopoulou, Voulgaroktonou - Franzi, 14, Athens 708, Greece Edith Dietze Anthropology Conservation Laboratory, NHB Room 361, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. Mongi Ennaifer Curator, Musee du Bardo, and Director, Corpus des Mosaiques de Tunisie, Musee du Bardo, Le Bardo, Tunisia Jeronimo Escalera Urena Restorer, Chief of the Mosaics Department, Istituto de Conservacion y Restauracion de Obras de Arte, Palacio de America, Avenida Reyes Catolicos, Madrid 3, Spain Andreas Farmakas Restorer, Department of Antiquities, Nicosia, Cyprus Elizabeth Figu. eiredo Cabral Restorer, Museu Nacional de Arqueologia e Ethnologia, Rua Sousa Pinto n. 12, 1 Dto, Monte Abraao, Oueluz, Portugal Piero Frizzi Restorer, Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Via degli Alfani 78, 50121 Florence, Italy Francisco Gago Blanco Restorer, Museo Arqueologico Nacional Vinaroz 36, 1 D, Madrid 2, Spain Michal Gamzou Hamarganit Street, 22, Ramat-Gan, Israel Andreas Georgiades Chief Conservator, Numismatic Collection, National Archaeological Museum, Tositsa 1, Athens 147, Greece Mohammed Ghouj Restorer, Department of Antiquities, Amman, Jordan Rene Guilly Conservateur Chargé du Service de Restauration des Musees Classes et Controles, Palais du Louvre, Paris, France 75041 Bogdan Kovacevic Painter - Curator, Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments, 21000 Novi Sad, Strosmajerova 22, Yugoslavia 8 Jean-Louis Laffont 2ter rue Alsace Lorraine, 31000 Toulouse, France Henri Lavagne 12, rue de l'Universite, 75007 Paris, France Eliane Lenoir Co-Director, Chantier d'Ad Mercuri (Morocco), Ecole Franpaise, Palazzo Farnese, Piazza Farnese, 00186 Rome, Italy Maurice Lenoir Ecole Franpaise, Palazzo Farnese, Piazza Farnese, 00186 Rome, Italy Lawrence Majewski Professor, Conservation Center of The Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 1 East 78th Street, New York, New York 10021, U.S.A. Fabrizio Mancinelli Curator, Department of Medieval and Modern Art, Direction General of the Vatican Museums, Vatican City Giuseppe Marinelli CIBA-Geigy S.p.A., Casella Postale 88, 21047 Saronno (Va.), Italy Jagoda Meder Art Historian, Curator of Monuments, Republicki Zavod za Zastitu Spomenika Kulture, 41000 Zagreb, Livadiceva 1, Yugoslavia Johanan Mintzker Director, Sub-Department of Conservation, Department of Antiquities, P.O. Box 586, Jerusalem, Israel Laura Sbordoni Mora Chief Restorer, Paolo Mora Istituto Centrale del Restauro, Piazza San Francesco di Paola 9, 00186 Rome, Italy Mara Nimmo Restorer, Istituto, Centrale del Restauro, Piazza San Francesco di Paola 9, 00186 Rome, Italy William Edward Novis Private Consultant, Batchelors, Barrs Green Horsham, England RH 13 7013 Elio Paparatti Restorer, Soprintendenza Archeologica Roma Foro Romano, Via Arco de' Cenci 1, 00186 Rome,ltaly Giro Piccioli Soprintendenza Archeologica, Piazza Museo 18, Naples, Italy 9 Peter Popov Artist-Painter, Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, National Institute for Historical Monuments, 44, boulevard Dondoukov, Sofia, Bulgaria Ciro Robotti Architect, University of Naples, Via A. Diaz 7, 80055 Portici (Napoli), Italy H. Roosens Director, Service National des Fouilles, Ministere de ('Education Nationale et de la Culture, Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B - 1040 Brussels, Belgium Amy Rosenberg Assistant Curator in Conservation, Kelsey Museum, The University of Michigan, 434 South State Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, U.S.A. Raffaella Rossi Manaresi Scientific Officer, Centro per la Conservazione delle Sculture all'Aperto, Via de' Pignattani 1, 40124 Bologna, Italy Abdallah Sail Direction des Beaux Arts, 119 rue Didouche Mourane, Algiers, Algeria Romano Serena Soprintendenza Beni Ambientali ed Architettonici di Venezia, Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy Marcel Stefanaggi Chief of Laboratory, Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques, 77420 Château de Champs-sur-Marne, France Giovanni Urbani Director, Istituto Centrale del Restauro, Piazza San Francesco di Paola 9, 00186 Rome, Italy Maria Luisa Veloccia Superintendent, Soprintendenza alle Antichita del Lazio, Piazza delle Finanze 1, 00185 Rome, Italy Rosalia Varoli Art Historian, Istituto Centrale del Restauro, Piazza San Francesco di Paola 9, 00186 Rome, Italy Catherine Vernooj Gabriel Metsustraat 16, Amsterdam, Holland Bianca Vicentini Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Via degli Alfani 78, 50121 Florence, Italy 10 Alberto Villa CIBA-Geigy S.p.A., Casella Postale 88, 21047 Saronno (Va.), Italy Jan Voskuil Editor of Publications/Restorer, Central Research Laboratory, Gabriel Metsustraat 8, Amsterdam, Holland Rolf Wihr Restorer, Bayer. Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Aussenstelle Bamberg -.Schloss Seehof, 8602 Memmelsdorf b. Bamberg, Federal Republic of Germany M. Yankelovich. Archaeologist, Via Maria Cristina 2, 00196 Rome, Italy 1CCROM Staff Participants' Organization Bernard Feilden Patricia Bonicatti Paul Schwartzbaum Gaöl de Guichen