crest? Teaming An introduction to gender studies, unshackling human talent and optimising military capability for the coming Era of Equality: 2020 to 2050 Major E.G. Boulton March 2017 Teaming An introduction to gender studies, unshackling human talent and optimising military capability for the coming Era of Equality: 2020 to 2050 Major E.G. Boulton March 2017 © Commonwealth of Australia 2017 This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review (as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968), and with standard source credit included, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Boulton, Elizabeth G. author. Title: Teaming : optimising military capability for the coming era of equality : 2020 to 2050 / Major Elizabeth G. Boulton. ISBN: 9780994604668 (paperback) Subjects: Gender mainstreaming--Australia. Sexual division of labor--Australia. Adaptive planning (Military science)--Australia. Military planning--Australia. Other Creators/Contributors: Australian Army Research Centre, issuing body Graphic Design by Sharon Peters, Corporate Graphics, DPLIS (DPS:FEB005/17) Printed by Defence Publishing Service Laverton Cover image: Australian Army military police soldiers and various Fire and Rescue NSW personnel work to free a trapped ‘casualty’ during the Defence Force School of Policing training activity at Holsworthy Barracks, Sydney, 2016. Acknowledgements I acknowledge the Traditional Owners of this land, and salute the many Indigenous Australians who have served in the Australian Army, since World War I. Thank you to the Army for the opportunity to share these ideas and contribute to deliberations on Army’s future, I am grateful to all who helped make it possible. Particularly, thank you to Brigadier Mick Ryan, AM who facilitated my returning to Army in a research capacity. Special thanks are due to Brigadier Dan McDaniel, DSC, AM, DSM, who authorised and encouraged work on this paper. Thank you both for being enablers. Approximately 20 people who were either interviewed or who provided comment on earlier drafts. Their detailed, honest and thoughtful insights significantly improved the final product and helped bring it to life. I was also buoyed by their enthusiasm, seemingly effortless problem-solving abilities and evident high motivation to care for Army’s culture. Thank you for your time and the inspiration. The civilian world also aided this paper. Aside from the treasure trove of resources quoted, numerous individuals and organisations gave permission for their copyright images to be reproduced, (as indicated in captions) which enriched the paper. Your generosity and goodwill is deeply appreciated. I sincerely hope this paper will assist Army as it prepares for the decades ahead and the unique and likely difficult challenges that lie in wait. Teaming | Optimising military capability for the coming era of equality: 2020 to 2050 3 Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................ 3 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................. 5 List of Boxed Text ........................................................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 14 PART I: THE STRATEGIC CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 29 Chapter 1: Global Trends .............................................................................................................................. 30 Chapter 2: The Military Operating Environment ............................................................................................. 44 PART II: THE CULTURAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 3: Insights from Gender Studies ...................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 4: Women ....................................................................................................................................... 92 Chapter 5: Men .......................................................................................................................................... 106 PART III: IMPLICATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 133 Chapter 6: Teamwork ................................................................................................................................. 134 Chapter 7: Leadership ................................................................................................................................ 158 Chapter 8: Strategy and Capability ............................................................................................................. 168 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 180 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 182 Epilogue ..................................................................................................................................................... 185 ANNEX A: SOLUTIONS – IDEAS ................................................................................................................ 186 ANNEX B: RESOURCES FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND/OR UNIT TRAINING ....................... 195 ANNEX C: EXAMPLE DISCUSSION TOPICS AND SCENARIOS FOR UNITS .............................................. 212 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................... 220 4 Teaming | Optimising military capability for the coming era of equality: 2020 to 2050 List of Figures Figure 1 U.K. Women’s Equality Party website .............................................................................................. 18 Figure 2 Saara Särmä #allmalepanels ........................................................................................................... 34 Figure 3 White males speak out. Gaven Morris – the ABC Director of News.................................................. 35 Figure 4 Leaders, thinkers and shapers: then and now ................................................................................. 36 Figure 5 Influential women – examples .......................................................................................................... 40 Figure 6 Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla Parker Bowles visits the United Arab Emirates .................................. 50 Figure 7 Aqsa Mahmood cartoon: Rejection of ‘shallow’ western women’s identity ....................................... 51 Figure 8 Daesh: Inclusion and respect for ‘sisters? ....................................................................................... 51 Figure 9 The Scythians ................................................................................................................................. 53 Figure 10 Burial sites of warrior women – Eurasia (Map copyright Michele Angel) .......................................... 54 Figure 11 Scythian and Amazon locations (Map copyright Michele Angel) ..................................................... 55 Figure 12 Amazons in ancient Greek Art ....................................................................................................... 55 Figure 13 Boudicca statue Westminster Bridge, London ............................................................................... 56 Figure 14 Joan of Arc on the Rue de Rivoli in Paris ....................................................................................... 58 Figure 15 Napoléon Bonaparte ..................................................................................................................... 61 Figure 16 Binary versus ‘whole-of-person’ logic ............................................................................................ 71 Figure 17 Gender as a multi-spectrum phenomena ...................................................................................... 72 Figure 18 Historic notions of western male identity ....................................................................................... 77 Figure 19 Video games – skill development and socialisation ........................................................................ 80 Figure 20 Multimedia can take some people into a new virtual reality ........................................................... 82 Figure 21 The impact of legacy and modern gender socialisation influences ................................................