Final Environment Management Framework Vol I SFG3744 V1 REV ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK The Project Director Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (POCRA) Government of Maharashtra 30 Arcade, World Trade Center, Cuffe parade, Mumbai-05 [email protected] SEPTEMBER 2017 0 (Revised November 2017) Government of Maharashtra Final Environment Management Framework Vol I Table of Contents ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 8 Executive Summary 8 Chapter 1: Introduction 12 1.1 Background of the Project 12 1.2 Project Development Objective (PDO) 12 1.3 Project Area 12 1.5 Need of Environment Management Framework 13 1.6 Objective and Scope of EMF 13 1.8 Components of Environmental Management Framework (EMF) 14 1.9 Approach and Methodology 15 Key Findings/ suggestions from Consultations 17 Chapter 2: LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND LEGISLATION FOR ENVIRONMENT REGULATION 19 2.2.1 National Environment Policy 2006 19 2.2.2 National Water Policy 2012 19 2.2.6 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 20 2.2.7 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 20 2.2.8 The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 20 2.2.9 The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 20 2.2.10 Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 21 2.2.11 Insecticides Act 1968 and Insecticides Rule 1971 21 2.2.13 Policy for Abatement of Pollution, 1992 21 2.2.14 National Conservation Strategy & Policy on Environment & Development, 1992 22 2.2.15 National Research Centre For Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 22 2.2.16 National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) 22 2.3 GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA’s POLICIES AND LEGISLATION FOR ENVIRONMENT REGULATION 23 2.3.1 Water Policy 2003 23 2.3.2 Maharashtra Groundwater (Development & Management) Act, 2009 23 2.3.3 Maharashtra Felling of Trees (Regulation) Act, 1964 and Guidelines for Tree Felling and Transit Permission, 2017 23 2.3.4 Circulars of the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board on Poultry and Cattle Sheds 23 2.4 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 23 1 Final Environment Management Framework Vol I Concept of IPM 24 Objectives 24 Activities 24 Mandate of Central Integrated Pest Management Centers (CIPMCS) and Adoption in Project Area 24 Approach of IPM for key crops of the state 25 Mobile Apps 25 2.3.2 Water Policy of Government of Maharashtra 26 2.4 APPLICABILITY OF ACTS / POLICIES 27 2.5 World Bank Safeguard Policies and its Implications 28 2.6 Relevant Programmes and Schemes of the Government 29 Chapter 3 Environment Baseline 32 3.1 Topography and Physiography 32 3.2 Geology 32 3.3 Climate 33 3.4 Temperature 33 3.6 Evaporation and Evapotranspiration 36 3.7 Agro-Climatic Zone 36 3.8 Soils 37 3.9 Water Resource 38 3.9.1 Surface Water 39 3.9.2 Ground Water 40 3.11 Forest Cover 41 3.12 Land and Land Use Pattern 42 3.13 Agriculture 44 4.15.2 Pesticides 47 3.16 Climate Vulnerability 48 3.16.1 Climate Change Trends 48 3.16.2 Vulnerability of the State 49 3.16.3 Agrarian Distress 50 Chapter 4: Environment Assessment 54 4.1 Analysis of ‘no project’ Scenario 55 4.3 Analysis of Alternatives 57 4.5 Categorization of Intervention 58 4.6 Potential Impacts of the Project Activities 60 A2. On-farm climate-resilient technologies and agronomic practices 62 2 Final Environment Management Framework Vol I Component B. Climate Smart Post-Harvest Management and Value Chain Promotion 63 4.6 Environment Improvement Measures 64 4.7 Interventions not complying with the Policies/Regulations 65 Chapter 5 Institutional & Implementation Arrangements 67 5.1 Environmental Screening for all project supported activities 67 5.2 Environmental Guidelines for village/mini-watershed/cluster plans 68 5.3 Environmental Management Plan for post-harvest management and value-chain activities 68 5.4 Institutional Arrangement 68 5.4.1 Project level Institutional arrangement for IPM 70 5.5 Environmental Monitoring 70 5.6 Capacity Building Plan 70 5.7 Reporting Plan 71 5.8 Sustainability of Project Interventions 72 List of Annexures and Formats: S. No. Annexure No. 1. Screening Checklist of EMF 1 Section 1: Background Information Section 2: Check if the activities are in the ‘list of non-permissible activities’ Section 3: Check compliance with regulatory requirements Section 4: Check the Baseline Conditions Section 5: Identify the Potential Environmental Impacts 2. Environment Management Plan checklist 2 Part 1: EMP for Construction Activities Part 2: EMP for Operation and Maintenance Phase 3. Environmental Guidelines To be used for Mini Watershed Plans 3 Part 1: General Environmental Guidelines (applicable to all activities) Part 2: Activity Specific Environmental Guidelines 4 Environmental Mitigation Measures for Construction and Operation 4 Stage Impacts of Value Chain activities 3 Final Environment Management Framework Vol I Abbreviations AMSL Above Mean Sea Level APMC Agricultural Produce Market Committee ATMA Agricultural Technology and Management Agency BBF Broad Bed Furrow BCM Billion Cubic Meter BEE Bureau of Energy Efficiency CBO Community Based Organisation CC Cluster Committee 4 Final Environment Management Framework Vol I CGWB Central Ground Water Board CHC Custom Hiring Centre CIB & RC Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CRPP Climate Resilient Perspective Plan CSIRO Commonwealth Scientists and Industrial Research Organisation DPAP Drought Prone Area Programme DPMU District Project Management Unit DSAO District Superintending Agriculture Officer DTR Diurnal Temperature Range EAMF Environment Assessment and Mitigation Framework EC Electrical Conductivity EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMF Environment Management Framework EMP Environment Management Plan ETL Economic Threshold Level FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FFS Farmer’s Field School FLD Field Level Demonstration FPC Farmer Producer Company FPO Farmer Producer Organization GCA Gross Cropped Area GHG Greenhouse Gas GM Genetically Modified GP Gram Panchayat ICT Information Communication and Technology ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research IMD Indian Meteorological Department INM Integrated Nutrition Management IPM Integrated Pest Management IPNM Integrated Plant Nutrient Management IWMP Integrated Watershed Management Program JSA Jalayukt Shivar Abhiyan KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra LGP Length of Growing Period 5 Final Environment Management Framework Vol I LP Linear Programming MCIC / CIC Maharashtra Climate Innovation Centre MCM Million Cubic Meter MF Marginal Farmer MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme MI Micro Irrigation MSAMB Maharashtra State Agriculture Marketing Board MWRRA Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority NBSSLUP National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning NIDM National Institute for Disaster Management NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potash NSA Net Sown Area OC Organic Carbon PCN Project Concept Note PCR Physical Cultural Resource PDO Project Development Objective PMU / SPMU Project Management Unit (State) PoCRA Project on Climate Resilient Agriculture PPE Personal Protective Equipment PRI Panchayati Raj Institution RF Rain Fall RKVY Rashtriya Krishi VikasYojana SAU State Agriculture University SDAO Sub-Divisional Agriculture Office SF Small Farmer SFAC Small Farmer Agri-Business Consortium SOC Soil Organic Carbon SOM Soil Organic Matter SREP Strategic Research and Extension Plan SRR Seed Replacement Rate TAO Taluka Agriculture Officer TDET Technology Development, Extension and Training TDS Total Dissolved Solid TMC Terminal Market Complex TMC Technology Mission on Cotton 6 Final Environment Management Framework Vol I VCRMC Village Climate Resilient Agriculture Management Committee WHS Water Harvesting Structure WUA Water User Association WUE Water use Efficiency 7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Executive Summary Project Background: The Government of Maharashtra has approved a project on Climate Resilient Agriculture (PoCRA) to address the drought related vulnerability in the agriculture sector with the support of World Bank. Essentially, it is proposed to enhance the resilience of the farmers practicing rainfed farming from vagaries of climate change and thus ensure stable and secured livelihood, especially, to the poor and vulnerable farming communities in the state. The Project Development Objective (PDO) is “to enhance climate-resilience and profitability of smallholder farming systems in selected districts of Maharashtra”. The project will be implemented in 4210 drought prone villages and 932 salinity affected villages in Purna river basin spread across 15 districts of the State. The project has main three components (1) Promoting Climate Resilient Agriculture Systems (2) Climate Smart Post-Harvest Management and Value Chain Promotion, and (3) Institutional Development, Knowledge and Policies for a Climate-resilient Agriculture. The PoCRA is targeted at sustainable climate resilient agriculture and sustainable water source augmentation and efficient use. Therefore, it is designed to promote better natural resource and environmental quality management. The activities proposed to be financed through the project investments will not have significant adverse environmental impacts. The potential environmental issues that could arise if project financed investments are not implemented appropriately, include soil degradation, over-extraction of groundwater, build-up of pest resistance, and pollution of the eco-system with agro-chemicals, and, pesticide-related safety issues. Activities for post-harvest