Kesearch Keport No. 166 FAMILY LIFE CYCLE UISRUPTION IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF THE LAKE SHELBYVILLE RESEKVOIK Roy E. Roper, f4.A. Co-Principal Investigator Research Associate at Institute for Environmental Studies and Department of Anthropology Rabel J. Burdge, Ph.D. Principal Investigator Professor of Environmental Sociology, Rural Sociology and Leisure Studies Project Number : B-131-ILL (Final Completion Keport) ( Agreement Number: 14-34-0001-0218 Period of Project: August 1980 - September 1981 University of Illinois Water Resources Center Institute for Environmental Studies University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign The work upon which this report is based was supported by funds provided by the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Water Research and Technology, as authorized in the Water Kesources Act of 1978, P.L. 88-379. January 1982 Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Office of Water Research and Technology, U.S. Department of the Interior, nor does mention of trade names or cmercial products constitute their endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ............................................................ LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ........................................a ABSTRACT ........................................................... iii CHAPTER I . INTRODUCTION ........................................... STUDY DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES .............................. Objectives. ............................................... Background ............................................... --Users of Research Results ................................ Kelevance of Research .................................... HISTORY OF L~THELBYVILLE................................... STUDY AUEA: OKAW TOWNSHIP AS UNIT OF ANALYSIS ................ CHAPTER I1 . DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES AND SAMPLE ................. DATA COLLECTION PKOCEDURES .................................... Steps .................................................... Ethnography ---and Field Notes .............................. --Use of Photography ....................................... --Use of Tape-Recordings ................................... SELECTION OF INFORMANTS ....................................... CHAPTER I11 . SOCIAL EFFECTS OF LAND ACQUISITION ................... 19 SELECTEU EFFECTS ON TIIE CULTURAL ECOLOGY ...................... 19 Networks ----of Kith and Kin ................................. 19 Marginal Farms ........................................... 2'0 Acquisition --of the Marginal Farms ................... 22 Reduction -in Economic Diversification.................... 24 SUIeNRY ....................................................... 25 CHAPTER IV: COPING WITH RELOCATION: MUTUAL CAREER CONTINGENCIES IN REESTABLISHING A FAKM .............................. 27 SOCIAL PROCESSES ARE TIME-BOUND ............................... 27 A FAMILY CASE STUDY: SELECTION CRITERION ..................... 28 Area Background .......................................... 30 THE FIRST LOSSES .............................................. 30 Background ............................................... 30 Critical ---Stage in the Family Life-Cycle .................. 32 --The Loss ................................................. 33 THE SECOND LOSS ............................................... 34 Lease Termination........................................ 34 Reactions ---to Lease Termination ........................... 35 Interru~tedTransitions .................................. 35 OPTIONS AND STRATEGIES........................................ 36 Available --Work and Housing Options ....................... 36 Adaptive Strategies ...................................... 37 Page MUTUAL CAKEER CONTINGENCIES IN RESETTLEMENT ................... 38 Rebuilding ............................................... 39 Familial Networks ...................................... 42 Looking -Back ............................................. 43 SUMMARY ....................................................... 45 CHAPTER V . ENDURING ISSUES ...................................... .. 46 LAND ACQUISITION PROCEDURES ................................... 46 Perception -of Agents ................................... 47 Agents' Biases -in Negotiation ............................ 47 Cemetaries ............................................... 48 River Recreation ......................................... 49 Symbolic Losses .......................................... 49 Attributing ---Death to Land Acquisition .................... 51 Boundaries ............................................... 51 Acquisition Boundaries .............................. 51 Resurvey of Acquisition Boundaries .................. 52 PERCEPTIONS OF BENEZTSPROMISED BY RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT..... 56 Lost Revenues ............................................ 56 Flood Control Management ................................. 57 SmYIARY ....................................................... 57 CHAPTER VI. WEEKEND RESIDENTS: TAKING WITHOUT CARING ............. 59 LITTER ....................................................... 60 Financial Costs ..................................... 61 BOUNDARY INVASIONS ................................**.*..*.. ... 62 Personal Boundary Violations ........................ 62 Property Invasions .................................. 63 ROAD MAINTENANCE ............................................ .. 64 FARM MACHINERY ON THE ROADS ................................... 65 LIFE-STYLE DIFFERENCES ....................................... 66 Personal Characteristics ............................ 66 Sport Hunting ....................................... 67 D~sD~~v. .-of Wealth ................................... 68 IMPLICATIONS .................................................. 68 CHAPTER VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................... 70 APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE AND IMPACT EiITIGATION .................. 70 Heterogeneity of Relocated Populations ................... 71 denti if ication7f Im~actedPouulations ................... 72 Impact ...of Land Use Change ..on Rural Communities ........... 72 Mitigation: Lease-Back Arrangements .................... 74 -Mitigation: --Creating Linkages ........................... 75 Mitigation: Control -of Resources? ....................... 75 FOOTNOTES ............................... ........................... 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........m................*e.e.**e.ee.e.. ............ 82 ACTIVITIES ......................................................... 102 PKEFACE This research was supported by a grant from the Office of Water Research and Technology, Department of the Interior (OWRT Agreement Number 14-34-0001-0218; Project Number B-131-ILL) to Professor Rabel J. Burdge and Roy E. Roper. The Water Resources Center of the Institute for Environmental Studies hosted the work and supplemented our funds at several critical times. Our deep appreciation goes to Drs. Ben Ewing and Glenn Stout. Drs. Frederick Fliegel, David W. Plath and Ms. Kuth Kelly have also provided generously of their time. Don Perrero, Business Manager at the Institute, deserves credit as a true facilitator of academic research. Last, but certainly not least, research assistants Cathy J. Goodzey and George A. Attig of the Anthropology Department have our (and respondents') gratitude for their yoeman service in transcribing the voice recordings. A key finding of this research is the diversity of the continuing problems facing families subjected to land acquisition and relocation as a result of this water resources project. These problems were made intelli- gible by delving into each family's peculiar historical, geographical, and life-cycle situations. Thus, we have tried to keep our informants, their families and friends, from disappearing from view in the final product. Some colleagues would argue that the result is too particularistic--the broad scope is lost. We, however, prefer to think that unnecessary abstraction would obscure the compelling natare of the case materials. In Chapters 4 and 5 we have tried to serve as a medium for making our respondents' narratives available to a wider audience. Our sincere appreciation goes to the dozen or so key informants who fielded the telephone calls and visits, expected or not, with interest and kindness. Mr. Kay Yantis, now deceased, was a country gentlemen from Okaw Town- ship who knew what C. Wright Mills intended to be the real concerns of social scientists. We dedicate this report to him. LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Page Figure 1. Location of Shelby and Moultrie Counties within 5 the Kaskaskia River Basin and the State of Illinois...... .............. Table 1. The Construction Period of the Shelbyville Keservoir: 6 1958-1970.................... Table 2. Population of Shelby County: 1870-1980. .... 7 Table 3. Farm Size in Houltrie and Shelby Counties: 1959-1978.................... 7 Figure 2. Political Subdivisions of Shelby and Moultrie Counties.................... 9 Figure 3. Plat Map of Okaw Township: 1950 ........ 10 Figure 4. Plat Map of Okaw Township: 1977 ........ 11 Table 4. Events and Lands Farmed for Smith Family 1960-1979..........*........* 29 Figure 5. Lake Shelbyville Reservoir ........... 50 Figure 6. Corps Topological Map. ............. 53 iii ABSTRACT This project assessed on an ex post facto basis selected impacts upon families and individuals due to the land acquisition program associated with the construction of the Shelbyville Reservoir