PROPOSED Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Recovery Strategy for Northern Wolffish (Anarhichas denticulatus) and Spotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor), and Management Plan for Atlantic Wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) in Canada Northern Wolffish, Spotted Wolffish, Atlantic Wolffish Original publication 2008 1st amendment 2018 Recommended citation: Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2018. Recovery Strategy for Northern Wolffish (Anarhichas denticulatus) and Spotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor), and Management Plan for Atlantic Wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) in Canada [proposed]. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa. vii + 82 p. For copies of the Recovery Strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk Public Registry. Cover illustration: Fisheries and Oceans Canada Également disponible en français sous le titre Pêches et Océans Canada. 2018. Programme de rétablissement du loup à tête large (Anarhichas denticulatus) et du loup tacheté (Anarhichas minor), et plan de gestion du loup atlantique (Anarhichas lupus) au Canada [proposition]. Pêches et Océans Canada, Ottawa. viii + 91 p. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, 2018. All rights reserved. ISBN Catalogue no. Content (excluding the cover illustration) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. Recovery Strategy for the Northern Wolffish and Spotted Wolffish 2018 Management Plan for the Atlantic Wolffish [proposed] Declaration The original version of the Recovery Strategy for Northern Wolffish (Anarhichas denticulatus) and Spotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor), and Management Plan for Atlantic Wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) in Canada was prepared in cooperation with jurisdictions responsible for the species. Fisheries and Oceans Canada has amended the original document to include updates since 2008 as required by the Species at Risk Act. Consultations on the amendment of this document were held in 2015. For further details please see Appendix A. Success in the recovery and management of these species depends on the commitment and cooperation of many different constituencies that continue to be involved in implementing the directions set out in this strategy, and will not be achieved by Fisheries and Oceans Canada or any other jurisdiction alone. In the spirit of the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk, the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans invites all Canadians to join Fisheries and Oceans Canada in supporting and implementing this strategy for the benefit of Northern Wolffish (Anarhichas denticulatus), Spotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor), Atlantic Wolffish (Anarhichas lupus), and Canadian society as a whole. Fisheries and Oceans Canada will continue to support implementation of this strategy, given available resources and varying species at risk conservation priorities. A report on the implementation of the Recovery Strategy and the progress towards meeting its objectives was published in 2013. The Minister will continue to report on progress in every subsequent five-year period, until its objectives have been achieved or the species’ recovery is no longer feasible. This strategy will be complemented by an action plan which will provide details on specific recovery measures to be taken to support conservation of the species. The Minister will take steps to ensure that, to the extent possible, Canadians directly affected by these measures will be consulted. Responsible Jurisdictions The responsible jurisdiction for Northern, Spotted and Atlantic Wolffish in Atlantic Canadian waters is Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Acknowledgments This amended Recovery Strategy and Management Plan would not have been possible without the contribution of DFO staff from the Newfoundland and Labrador, Maritimes, Gulf, Quebec, Central and Arctic and National Capital Regions as well as Dena Wiseman. i Recovery Strategy for the Northern Wolffish and Spotted Wolffish 2018 Management Plan for the Atlantic Wolffish [proposed] Strategic Environmental Assessment Statement A strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is conducted on all SARA recovery planning documents, in accordance with the Cabinet Directive on the Environmental Assessment of Policy, Plan and Program Proposals. The purpose of a SEA is to incorporate environmental considerations into the development of public policies, plans and program proposals to support environmentally-sound decision making and to evaluate whether the outcomes of a recovery planning document could affect any component of the environment or achievement of any of the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy’s (FSDS) goals and targets. Recovery and management planning are intended to benefit species at risk and biodiversity in general. However, it is recognized that recovery strategies and management plans may also inadvertently lead to environmental effects beyond the intended benefits. The planning process, based on national guidelines, directly incorporates consideration of all environmental effects, with particular focus on possible impacts on non-target species or habitats. The results of the SEA are incorporated directly in recovery strategies and management plans themselves, but are also summarized below. This Recovery Strategy and Management Plan will clearly benefit the environment by promoting the conservation and recovery of Northern, Spotted and Atlantic Wolffish in Canadian waters. The potential for the strategy to inadvertently lead to adverse effects on other species was considered; however, because the recovery objectives recommend additional research on the species and education and outreach initiatives, the SEA concluded that this strategy will clearly benefit the environment and will not entail any significant adverse effects. ii Recovery Strategy for the Northern Wolffish and Spotted Wolffish 2018 Management Plan for the Atlantic Wolffish [proposed] Executive Summary Four species of wolffish (family Anarhichadidae) inhabit Canadian waters: Northern Wolffish (Anarhichas denticulatus), Spotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor) and Atlantic Wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) in both the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, and Bering Wolffish (Anarhichas orientalis) in the Arctic Ocean only. In May 2001, Northern and Spotted Wolffish were assessed by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) as Threatened due to declines in their abundance and biomass (COSEWIC 2001a,b). A third species, Atlantic Wolffish, was assessed by COSEWIC as Special Concern (COSEWIC 2000). All three wolffish species were included in Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA) at the time of the Act’s proclamation in June 2003. The statuses of all three wolffish species were reassessed by COSEWIC in 2012. Although there are some signs of population recovery, COSEWIC recommended that all designations remain unchanged (COSEWIC 2012a,b,c). Therefore, under SARA, the status for Northern and Spotted Wolffish remained as Threatened and the status for Atlantic Wolffish remained as Special Concern. Northern and Spotted Wolffish are the focus of this document; however, this document also serves as a management plan for Atlantic Wolffish. This is because the distributions of the three species overlap through much of their range. Although Atlantic Wolffish is at a lower designation, it also underwent a decline as great as that observed for the two Threatened species over the northern part of its range (Northeast Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf). The two Threatened species are primarily distributed on the Grand Banks and areas to the north. Atlantic Wolffish has a wider distribution in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Scotian Shelf, Bay of Fundy and Georges Bank, where the other two species are rare. While all three species have undergone substantial declines during the 1980s and 1990s, the proximal cause(s) remain uncertain. This document was originally published in 2008 and was developed by a multi-sector, multi-regional Recovery Team with representation from the fishing industry, academia, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Government of Canada. Government representation included expert scientists, fisheries managers and economists to assist in formulating a framework for the conservation and recovery of these wolffish species. The 2008 version of this Recovery Strategy and Management Plan represents a collaborative and consultative effort by the recovery team to present the available knowledge and recommend recovery solutions. The Recovery Strategy and Management Plan identifies the lack of information that exists in regard to population dynamics of wolffish, their ecology, abundance, distribution, habitat utilization, behaviour and interaction with their environment. It points out the immediate need for additional research to enhance formulation of recovery approaches. The document discusses the threats and issues believed to be affecting wolffish conservation and recovery, and presents recommendations to mitigate them. It also promotes stewardship among stakeholders as a means to facilitate and promote recovery. The goal of this document is to increase the population levels and distribution of Northern, Spotted, and Atlantic Wolffish in eastern Canadian waters such that the long- iii Recovery Strategy for the Northern Wolffish and Spotted Wolffish 2018 Management Plan for